The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King Essay Example

The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King Paper The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is an emotional story of an incredible ruler brought somewhere around â€Å"fate† and the fate of the divine beings. It is an account of conflict over occasions that were out of one’s control yet chiefly took care of such that lone brought on additional annihilation and anguish. There are numerous widespread exercises to be learned by Oedipus and his sad story; exercises that each man today could profit by, for example, the destructions of pomposity and narrow-mindedness, the grave slip-ups in being critical and self-righteous, and the repercussions of rushing to act without adequate information. Presently, I am here. I will start the pursuit once more, I will uncover reality, uncover everything, let everything be seen† (160-163). This line verbally expressed by Oedipus around the beginning of the play obviously shows his inclinations toward egotism and rudeness. He gloats of his capacities above others pa st and states how he will come to discover reality when they proved unable. He proceeds to uncover that he is doing so generally for childish reasons. â€Å"Justice and retaliation are what I need. [†¦] Family, friendsâ€I won’t free myself of this stain, this malady, for themâ€they’re a long way from here. I’ll do it for myself, for me† (165, 167-169). Oedipus permits his childish inner self to impede him here. The individuals are needing assistance and he professes to be the one in particular who can give it. He assumes control over issues and concludes that for his own wonder he will find the insider facts of the past and lives before his appearance in Thebes. He at that point uncovers that he is doing so generally for his own advantage. I think he substantiates himself haughty in his professes to have the option to reveal reality and such activities and mentality end up being met with undesirable closures. We will compose a custom article test on The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Universal Lessons of Oedipus the King explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer After Oedipus makes these intense cases that he and only he can reveal the guilty party he looks for, he accumulates his mix-ups by rushing to pass judgment. He announces his verifiable blamelessness and rapidly reproves whosoever is the blameworthy party. â€Å"I think nothing about the homicide, I was separated from everyone else, how might I have followed the executioner, without a piece of information, I came to Thebes after the wrongdoing was finished. [†¦] these words originate from and guiltless man. One of you realizes who murdered Laios (294-296, 298-299). After rapidly declaring his own blamelessness, Oedipus proceeds to censure the liable. My capacity is outright in Thebes, my standard reaches all over, my words will drive the blameworthy man, the man who knows, out of this city, away from Thebes, for eternity. [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦] Drive him from your homes. Let him have no home, nothing. No words, no food, cover, warmth of hand, shared love. Let him have nothing. Drive him out, let him bite the dust. He is our malady. [†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ] let my scorn wear out his life, contempt, consistently. Make him an ash of torment. Make all his bliss remains (313-315, 324-327, and 335-338). Oedipus openly offers these expressions, egotistically ousting the guilty party, at the same time obliviously denouncing himself. When he expresses his capacity to be the main friend in need of Thebes and vows to get rid of the â€Å"disease† of the city, Oedipus wraps himself excessively far up in his own pretentious mission that he can't see when other are attempting to kill him his way of implosion. Teiresias cautions Oedipus that his compatibility of the past will just bring him distress yet he overlooks these admonitions, driving Teiresias to talk. â€Å"Stubborn old moron, you’d drive a stone crazy! Mention to me what you know! Let's assume it! † (449-450). Jocasta, his better half, even asks Oedipus to leave these interests once she learns the crime of reality and Oedipus disregards her too. JOCASTA. Oedipus, you should stop. I ask youâ€stop! OEDIPUS. Nothing can stop me now. I should know it all. Everything! JOCASTA. I beseech you, Oedipus. To your benefit. OEDIPUS. Damn my own great! (1329-1334) Oedipus does precisely that. He damns his own great by being surpassed by his egotistical pomposity, grandiose judgment, and his brisk activity in obliviousness. Oedipus ends up being the killer he looks for. He unconsciously is the â€Å"disease† he talks about removing from the city. These occasions meet up to fortify age-old life exercises. One ought to never lounge in his own capacities and be proud of his abilities, yet rather be modest and persevering towards any achievement. One ought not rush to pass judgment on others when they are uninformed of the realities. This likewise mirrors the expression, â€Å"people in glass houses shouldn’t toss stones. † Oedipus was accidentally living in a mammoth glass house that unavoidably came smashing down on him. He derided the visually impaired Teiresias, just to wind up daze himself at long last. He criticized his own name by defaming that of a guilty party he searched out. He denounced his own life by censuring another. He didn’t regard the counsel of others however rather pushed on his own narrow minded way to what unconsciously prompted his downfall. The exercises of Oedipus are genuinely all inclusive. What one wishes to get, one should give. Individuals should act with sympathy and understanding and make certain to have the real factors before making decisions. Narrow-mindedness will just prompt depression and hopelessness. At long last, however Oedipus’ story is more emotional than most cutting edge circumstances, one could wind up precisely equivalent to he in the event that they don't notice these exercises. Nothing, nothing remains of me nowâ€no city with its high dividers, no sparkling sculptures of the divine beings. I took every one of these things from myselfâ€I, Oedipus, fallen lower than any man currently, brought into the world nobler than the best. Brought into the world the lord of Thebes! Reviled with my own condemnations, I instructed Thebes to drive out an executioner. I ousted the imperial child of Laios, the man the divine beings uncovered is recolored with the horrendous stain. The mystery stain that I myself uncovered is my stain. What's more, presently, uncovered finally, how might I be able to ever look at men without flinching? Never. Never.

China and Latin America free essay sample

Chinas arousing, one of the most significant occasions of this century, has been the consequence of a supported procedure of financial changes and it has had worldwide and territorial ramifications. Nations and mainlands should be set up for the impact China will apply since it has the assets to extend and the need to search for better approaches to flexibly its local market with products, and its developing economy with crude materials and other mechanical information sources. While China needs to grow quickly and requires more providers, Latin America is wealthy in crude materials and different merchandise, and is continually searching for more fare markets. Given these integral factors, the Chinese monetary nearness in Latin America is expanding quickly. At the universal level China has developed more than some other nation, both monetarily and strategically, throughout the most recent three decades. Therefore, China is turning out to be substantially more firmly connected to Asian financial collaboration plans, just as to other worldwide associations. This began when China joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1980 as a financial methodology expected to strengthen the residential changes. Afterward, in 1986, China joined the Asian Development Bank to combine this methodology at the territorial level. The most significant achievement, however, was picking up enrollment in the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. Joining the WTO was a key advance in China’s equal procedures of opening to universal markets and, changing its local monetary framework. Enrollment in the WTO was a motor and a mainstay of its financial change and China’s greeting to join the G-7 in September of 2004 was acknowledgment of its job as a worldwide monetary force that had gotten completely coordinated with the world economy. Locally, China’s development pace of around 9% every year, the supported rate for over thirty years, has brought about critical changes in the social structure and monetary association of the nation. Probably the most noteworthy changes in China have originated from the industrialization procedure and from the development of the administration division, as a level of the entire Chinese economy. These two advancements have expanded the ways of life and the buying intensity of the Chinese individuals, given the Chinese populace, changes in its residential economy sway the world straightforwardly. These household strategy changes have likewise changed the manner in which China interfaces with the world. The Chinese economy has gotten substantially more coordinated into the world economy. China’s share in world product imports expanded from 6. 9% in 2008 to 7. 9% in 2009, making China the second biggest world shipper. Then again, imports are additionally a critical angle in Chinese incorporation with the world. As Pascal Lamy communicated: â€Å"What numerous individuals don't generally acknowledge, on the grounds that they are a lot of concentrated on the amount China sends out, is the amount China imports. Chinas imports have developed at a normal of 20 percent a year for as far back as ten years; it is a huge change. This development impacts Latin America in an immediate manner since it has prompted the ascent of its product costs. This expansion in universal costs has brought about better monetary conditions for the maker nations incorporating those in Latin America. The expanding monetary nearness of China in Latin America prompts some different inquiries past the domain of business relations. Customarily, the United States has had a prevalent nearness in Latin American, practicing huge impact in the region’s monetary and political turns of events. The appearance of China as a rival in Latin America has expanded hypothesis about how this nearness will influence Latin American financial turn of events and U. S. international strategy towards its southern neighbors. In this unique circumstance, dread of the expanding nearness of China in the area may prompt worldwide strains just as certain movements in American international strategy towards Latin America. Ramifications for Latin American nations may change contingent upon the fact that they are so arranged to help a Chinese nearness through their particular approaches for remote speculations. Be that as it may, even with the expansion of Chinese monetary nearness, both political and financial impact from the United States will be increasingly essential to the locale for authentic and topographical reasons. Then again, the financial nearness of a worldwide force like China would represent a danger on creating nations as it could challenge their foundation and intensity, exacerbating their social and monetary conditions. The new connection among China and Latin America may produce new pressures between the U. S and Latin America. U. S Foreign Policy may change and grow new devices as it attempts to keep up its significance in the mainland. International strategy devices dependent on â€Å"soft power,†, for example, discretionary arrangements and exchange participation are the well on the way to show results. Most of these approaches would presumably be sure for Latin America, and nations would profit by the enhancement of exchange and ventures. The connection among China and Latin America has become more grounded in the course of the most recent decade. The measure of assets accessible in Latin American nations, and China’s expanding interest for them is making the two economies progressively reliant on one another. In this specific situation, the focal point of this paper is to dissect the developing connection among China and Latin America as rising economies, exchanging accomplices, and worldwide players on the planet economy, just as the political and strategic ramifications of this relationship both territorially and internationally. All the more explicitly, this paper will concentrate on how this closer connection among China and Latin America is influencing the United States’ job in the locale. While in the past Latin America has regularly been strong of U. S. objectives in the locale and on the planet, the developing Chinese nearness may bring up certain issues with regards to whether the United States should the nation change its way to deal with Latin America so as to draw in the area in a progressively profitable relationship. There was a wide arrangement of sources accessible to build up this paper. Much has been said about China? s development and the ramifications for creating nations. Worldwide associations, legislative just as nongovernmental associations, and specialists have composed reports regarding this matter are accessible for interview. Additionally there are various markers and viewpoints of what is favorable or not for creating nations, which represents a test for this paper, since impacts might be viewed as both positive and negative. There is no net impact from a marker; for instance the utilization of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a measure for financial development isn't exact and must be joined with the Gini coefficient to offer a superior comprehension. This paper will endeavor to explain this test by survey the exploration pointers as a piece of a greater investigation, and demonstrating its exactness by tending to some different contentions. Since it is such an expansive subject, the initial step was to explore all through the web for general thoughts, universal associations, specialists, books, information bases, papers, sites and news. The most dependable sources were the fundamental associations in the global framework. The Council of the Americas centers around making a superior comprehension between pioneers in Latin America to create answers for the primary difficulties the mainland faces today. The Inter-American Dialog has given significant reports about the subject and runs one of the principle programs on Sino-Latin American Relations dependent on the goal of including scholastics, strategy creators, and private segment pioneers from the United States, China, and Latin America on the developing topics. Another significant source when seeing information was the World Bank Database for examination on explicit pointers for development and financial nearness. Research additionally remembered books for China’s relationship with Latin America, taking a gander at alternate points of view and veering sentiments. One of those books was composed by Professor Evan Ellis, China in Latin America: the Whats and the Wherefores. His examination was important and gave valuable bits of knowledge on the effect that the Chinese financial nearness has on the locale. There was likewise an accumulation of expositions done by the Inter-American Development Bank and The Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), this aggregation is called China y America Latina †Nuevos enfoques sobre cooperacion y desarrollo ? Una segunda Ruta de Seda. Other significant scholarly asset was China connects with Latin America: following the direction by Adrian H. Hearn, which offers some recorded perspectives about the connection among China and Latin America alongside the results this brings to the world. Different sources were interviews with specialists and individuals from various associations. Evan Ellis, the teacher referenced above,â teaches national security learns at the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, with an examination center around Latin America’s relationship with outer entertainers, including China, Russia, and Iran. Another viewpoint that was significant for this exploration was Margaret Myers, whoâ is the executive of the China and Latin Americaâ program at Inter-American Dialog and has encountered this relationship direct when she filled in as an investigator for the United States on this issue. In any case, to build up an examination of the effect China may have on Latin America, the assessment of a specialist on Latin America appeared to be pertinent to get a few experiences about what the area sees of Chinese financial nearness. Adam Stubits, a specialist on Latin America at the Wilson Center for International Scholars had some significant data to share about what he trusts Latin America needs to do so as to profit by Chinaâ€?

Employment Application Essay - Three Essay Samples

Employment Application Essay - Three Essay SamplesThe employment application essay is a very important part of the job application and applying for any given employment. Therefore, writing an effective essay should be carefully thought out in order to avoid errors that may hinder your future career. Writing an excellent essay is not easy as it is the first one to be submitted for the competition so try to make some time and focus on it in a right way.Essay samples can be easily obtained from various sources and these samples are available with the help of which the candidates can prepare their own. These essays are usually limited to the subjects about their work experience and skills. A good essay can be prepared without any effort. There are some tips that you should be following while writing your application essay. The best part is that you can select the most suitable one as per your requirement.It is advisable to think about the subject as well as the format of the essay and al so do some research about the requirements and the topic as well. You need to check about the topic that is applicable to the job title of the applicant. Make sure that you find out about the subjects and format of the essay and then ensure that you have a perfect concept that would complement the topic of the job.The first and the most important step is to look for the right format that is very easy to write and to read. So, there are some such formats and standards that you should be following. They are; headings, bullets, paragraphs, sub-headings, chapters, sentences, etc. The rest is pretty much up to you as it is your choice what format you want to follow.The second step is to start writing your essay as per the guidelines given by the writer. The first paragraph is the introduction and the last one is the conclusion and the third paragraph is the body of the essay. After going through the sample essays with an eye to its format and content, go back to the main subject of the e ssay. To conclude, the subject of the essays should be known and be very strong and relevant for the job of the applicant.The last tip for success in writing an employment application essay is to always remember that while writing, you should not forget that it is the essay that you are submitting and you must have all the skill required for this. You need to check and find out whether the essay has the form and formality that are expected from the resume of the applicant.The above three simple tips will be helpful for you when you are going for the application of the employment application. Follow the above tips and you will be able to write a brilliant resume of the applicant and provide the information regarding his experience, skills and qualifications.

Master Thesis Topic - 18078 Words

Master Thesis Topics Finance amp; Investments 2009-2010 Table of Contents Master Thesis topic 1: The Design of Lockup Contracts in IPO Firms in Europe 4 Master Thesis topic 2: Bank Risk Management 6 Master Thesis topic 3: The Ambiguous Role of Credit Ratings 8 Master Thesis topic 4: Mergers and Acquisitions 9 Master Thesis topic 5: Trading Volume and Asset Prices 10 Master Thesis topic 6: Liquidity in Asset Markets 11 Master Thesis topic 7: The Role of Corporate Governance in Mergers and Acquisitions 13 Master Thesis topic 8: The Risk of Corporate Fraud and Capital Market Consequences 15 Master Thesis topic 9: Credit Derivatives 16 Master Thesis topic 10: Bank-Borrower Relationships 17 Master Thesis topic 11: The Impact of†¦show more content†¦As directors assume important leadership roles and they are more informed than other shareholders, thus the information asymmetry tends to be higher between directors and outside investors than between venture capitalists and outside investors. However, venture capitalists are repeat investors who have valu able reputation at stake which may limit their conflict of interests with outside investors acquiring shares in the IPO. Outside investors may not purchase shares in the IPO backed by venture capitalists who were previously involved in taking advantage of insider information and reducing the wealth of outsider investors. Besides venture capitalists also use IPO as an exit mechanism to optimally recycle investments and maximize future returns. Hence the length and expiry of directors’ lockup agreements will convey significantly different information than the length and expiry of venture capitalists’ lockup agreements. Important Literatures Aggarwal, R., Krigman, L. and Womack, K., 2002, â€Å"Strategic IPO Underpricing, Information Momentum, and Lockup Expiration Selling†. Journal of Financial Economics 66, 105 – 137. Brav, A. and Gompers, P., 2003, â€Å"The Role of Lockups in Initial Public Offerings†. The Review of Financial Studies 16, 1 – 29. Cornell, B. and Sirri, E., 1992, â€Å"The Reaction of Investors and Stock Prices to Insider Trading†. The Journal of Finance 47, 1031 – 1059. Field, L. and Hanka, G., 2001, â€Å"The Expiration of IPO Share Lockups†. The Journal ofShow MoreRelatedStatement Of The Post Graduate Master Degree1063 Words   |  5 PagesAfter the Politecnico di Milano, I decided to enroll in the Post Graduate Master Degree in Architecture at Università   degli Studi di Genova. The decision to move to other city was a natural choice: in order to be admitted to the masters degree at the Milano’s university, I had to provide a proof of knowledge of the English language with a minimum level of B2 (advance) and additional preparatory exams. Because of the English exam, I had decided to apply to another university and to be fair, myRead More Writing the Academic Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesthree: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion are its three essential parts. 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Annotated Bibliography On Computer Security - 1753 Words

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Ethnic Groups in the Philippines Essay Example For Students

Ethnic Groups in the Philippines Essay Chapter I Introduction Background of the study This topic was chosen for investigation because of a need for an in-depth study of the culture of major ethnic groups in the country today. Philippine culture is very diverse and with this in mind, a thorough research and analysis of the culture of the major ethnic groups in the country should be made. A search for a deeper understanding of the way of life of various groups in the country led to the formulation of this topic. Significance of the study This study is specifically significant to the Filipino people. This study would help them understand better the culture of the different groups around them. This would help the people appreciate and respect the distinctiveness of the customs, traditions and the way of life of the ethnic groups making up the diverse culture of the Philippines. Statement of the problem The study of the food, customs and traditions, mode of subsistence, beliefs and practices constitute the study of the culture of the major ethnic groups found in the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The study of ethnic identity in the Philippines is also a major component in this research Objectives of the study This study aims to: †¢ Compare and contrast the culture of the major ethnic groups in the Philippines. †¢ Help the readers gain additional knowledge on the customs, traditions and way of life of the major ethnic groups in the country. †¢ Inform the readers about the unique structure and organization of existing ethnic groups in the country. †¢ Inculcate among the readers a sense of pride and appreciation for their own culture. Review of related literature The following books deal with various ethnic groups in the Philippines: 1. Problems Methods in the Study of Philippine Indigenous Ethnic Culture by M. Caguimbal, F. L. Jocano and L. Marquez (1994) 2. Working with Indigenous People by L. N. Mercado (1994) 3. Social Categorization and Identity in the Philippines by M. C. Conaco (1996) The first book is more about ethnography. It talks about the brief history and the development of ethnology and ethnography in the Philippines. It also contains information on the geography of Filipino indigenous ethnic communities. This material is significant to the research because the geographical information of an ethnic community is related to study of the culture of a group. The second book is all about indigenous ethnic groups in the country. It talks about the â€Å"minorization† of several ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines, the views of the Church and the Philippine bishops regarding the present situation of indigenous people in our country and it contains lists of indigenous people organizations and advocates. It also deals with the missionary work of the Church for the indigenous ethnic groups. This material is related to the research because it also contains information on the language, mode of subsistence and religion of various indigenous groups in the Philippines. The third book is about the concept of social categorization in the Philippines. It is about a study comparing people’s perception about one’s ethnic group and national group. It also talks about the value of categorization. This material is related to the research because it talks about the perception of the people regarding the traits of their own group and it also deals with the importance of one’s ethnic groups. Methodology This study about the culture of major ethnic groups in Luzon, Vizayas and Mindanao was accomplished through the aid of books, journals and other reference materials found in the main library of the University of the Philippines, Diliman. This is because the main library of the University of the Philippines, Diliman has a wide range of books, journals and other published references that are relevant to the proposed research. The World Wide Web was also used for further research since ample and extensive information are posted or published in the internet regarding this topic. Outline Thesis statement The study of the ethnic identity, food, customs and traditions, mode of subsistence, beliefs and practices constitute the study of the culture of the major ethnic groups found in the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. I. Ethnic identity in the Philippines is very fluid and depends greatly on context. a. Language is the common identifier of ethnic identity in the Philippines. b. Regional identity is another basis in identifying one’s ethnic group. c. Ancestry is also an identifier of ethnic identity in the country. II. Five major ethnic groups inhabit the vast island of Luzon. . Ilocanos are the inhabitants of the lowlands and coastal areas of northern Luzon. 1. The Ilocanos are renowned for their industry and hardwork and are legendary for their thrift. 2. There are approximately more than eight million speakers of the Ilocano language, making it the third most widely spoken language in the Philippines. b. Pangasinenses originate from the northwestern sea board of Luzon. 1. Rich and fine salt beds are the prime source of livelihood for the provinces coastal towns. 2. The Pangasinenses are noted for their industry and their enterprise. c. The Pampanguenos originate from the central plains of Luzon. 1. The province of Pampanga has three main regions, each supporting different types of human activity. 2. The Kapampangan language is spoken by approximately more than two million people and has been shown to be related to some Indonesian dialects. 3. Pampanguenos possess several traits which make them truly distinct. d. Bicolanos originate from the southeastern tip of Luzon. 1. Bicol is blessed with an abundant source of natural resources. 2. The Bicolanos are noted for several distinctive traits such as sociability and warm friendship. . Tagalog territory stretches from the central plains of Luzon to the islands of Mindoro and Marinduque. III. The Visayan ethnic group constitutes the largest Filipino ethnic group. a. The Waray-speaking people inhabit the provinces of Leyte and Samar. b. The Cebuanos live in the central part of Visayas and are the largest ethnic group in the Philippines. 1. Cebu was once named by Asiaweek as the eighth best city in Asia. 2. Cebuanos are said to have an active appetite for the pleasure of sociality and the occasions that afford it. 3. Cebuanos possess traits such as flexibility, resilience, industry and fortitude. c. Masbatenos inhabit the land of Masbate, which lies exactly in the center of the Philippine archipelago, north of the Visayas. d. Capiznons originate from the western part of Visayas region. 1. Capiz is dubbed as the â€Å"Seafood Capital of the Philippines† because of its 80-kilometer coastline and wide expanse of swampy lands easily converted into fishponds. . Capiz is known for the brilliant capiz shell which is abundant in the province. e. Aklanon are the main inhabitants of the province of Aklan, which is located at western Visayas. 1. Aklan is famous for the annual Ati-Atihan Festival held in Kalibo. 2. Despite the prevalence of Christianity, native beliefs about the aswang and the babaylan are still prevalent among the people of Aklan. IV. Two major ethnic groups occupy the islands of Mindanao. a. The Maranaos primarily live in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. 1. The Maranaws are of mixed Indonesian and Malayan ancestry and their way of life is also much influenced by their neighboring provinces. 2. The culture of the Maranaws consists of various rituals and traditions. b. The Tausugs presently populate the province of Sulu as a majority. Chapter II Findings of the Study Ethnic Identity According to M. L. Doronila, author of the book â€Å"National Identity and Social Change†, centuries ago, there were no â€Å"Filipinos† then in which we understand the word today. There were Visayans, Tagalogs, Pampangos, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Ibanags, etc. ut there was no such thing as the â€Å"Tagalog kingdom† or the Visayan empire†. What we know today as Philippine islands was indeed an archipelago but it was not one country, and its people, though racially one, were not one nation. Each village was independent, Philippine society was fragmented. We became a nation in the course of three hundred years of Spanish colonization. Th e Spaniards, by putting the entire archipelago under one government, provided the external structure which made unity possible (Doronila, 1992). Today, hundreds of years ago after the Spanish colonization, we have developed a stronger grasp of the idea of national identity without overlooking the distinctiveness of each ethnic group constituting the Philippine archipelago. Philippine culture is very diverse, with each ethnic group having different customs and traditions, mode of subsistence, beliefs and practices, etc. Most Filipinos identify themselves with two or more ethnic groups. Most of them identify their ethnic identity based on language, regional identity, or ancestry. According to Michael Shead, language is the most common identifier of ethnic identity in the Philippines. For instance, a Pampangueno may identify herself/himself as such by the fact that his mother tongue is the Kapampangan language. Though having Filipino as its national language, approximately 78 languages are still in use in the Philippines today. But language is not the sole identifier of ethnic identity. Given that ethnolinguistic boundaries are gradually blurring due to migration and intermarriage, regional identity or the place where one was brought up and whose language one speaks, serves as another common identifier of ethnic identity in the Philippines. Migration and intermarriages between people of different ethnicities have been common throughout the past centuries. This has made ethnic identities of Filipinos depend greatly on context. Many Filipinos also identify themselves based on ancestry. For example, a woman who has Bicolano ancestry but has spent most of her life in Manila may identify herself as Bicolano, even if she doesn’t speak any of the Bikol languages (Shead, 2001). Major ethnic groups in Luzon The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino ethnic group. Aside from being referred to as Ilocanos, from the word â€Å"looc† meaning sheltered coves, they also refer to themselves as samtoy, from sao mi toy†, which literally meant our language. Throughout the centuries of the Spanish colonial era up to the present, the Ilocanos were noted for their tendency to migrate. The Ilocano culture represents very simple living, focusing mostly on work and productivity, spending only on necessities and not on so much on grand material possessions (Ilocos Norte, 2007). This is perhaps the reason why they are usually described as frugal. Invetment EssayDespite the prevalence of Christianity, native beliefs about the aswang and the babaylan are still prevalent among the people of Aklan. The Ati or the negritos who are native inhabitants of Aklan still practice animism. Despite Aklan’s vibrant tourism industry and substantial agriculture, the province is still considered as one of the poorer provinces in the country with more than 30% of the population living below the national poverty line (Fonatanilla, 2002). Major ethnic groups in Mindanao The Maranaos or Maranaws are one of the two major ethnic groups found in the island of Mindanao. They live primarily in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. According to Abdullah Madale, author of the book â€Å"The Maranaws: Dwellers of the Lake†, Maranaws are a mixture of Indonesian and Malayan ancestry. Those who live along the lakeshores of Lanao show more Indonesian than Malayan features. The culture of the Maranaws have also been influenced by their neighbors, the people of Maguindanao. Their dialect, traditional government and even ways of dressing are very much similar to that of the Maguindanaons (Madale, 1997). Madale added that the Maranaws have several rituals which are intended for different events in their lives. They have a ritual of releasing a chicken with yaellow beak and yellow legs intended to cure an ill person. They also have rituals done to gain favor of friendly spirits and they also perform rituals when the ricefield is attacked by pests (Madale, 1997). They also have very distinct views and traditions regarding relationships and marriages. According to Madale, a Marnaw boy and girl may seriously consider marriage at the age of puberty. Traditional Maranaw marriages are used to be done when both the boy and the girl are fifteen years old. At this age, they are thought of to be ready to bangon sa walai, build a house and a future for themselves (Madale, 1997). Still regarding the Maranaws’ views on relationships and marriages, Madale said that to a Muslim woman, allowing her husband to marry another woman is an assurance of going to heaven. The Maranaw man who would like to marry another woman must prepare for it the way Islam dictates and not just because of lust. If and when polygamy occurs, it is not permanent and it is only because of the needs of time or because of some special problems in the family (Madale, 1997). Aside from the Maranaws, the Tausugs are another major ethnic group found in Mindanao. They presently populate the province of Sulu as a majority. The word Tausug refers to the geographic character of the Sulu Archipelago which lies in the path of vigorous tidal currents flowing from the Sulu and China Seas to the Celebes Sea. Practically all the groups in the Sultanate are sea-oriented: sailors, traders, fishermen, pearl divers, sea seed collectors, etc. Thus, Tausugs are considered People of the Current. Tausugs are experienced sailors and are known for their colorful boats or vintas. They are also superb warriors and craftsmen. The Tausugs are also famous for their Daling-daling dance in Sabah, that is a mixture of Arabian Belly Dancing and Indian Classical Dancing that is best performed as a musical complete with Story-telling in Suluk (Velasco, 2002). Chapter III Conclusion and Recommendations After doing extensive research and gathering data from books and other published materials, several information regarding the culture of major ethnic groups in the Philippines have been obtained. Before the colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards several centuries ago, the country was fragmented, separated into several villages, each independent of one another. But in the course of three hundred years of Spanish rule, the Philippines became one nation. Being under one government somehow made the Filipinos aware of their national identity. And so with this, the Filipinos could probably attribute a part of their sense of unity and awareness of their social identity to the Spaniards. There could have been other situations in which they could have realize their national identity but this particular event in the history of the Philippines made the Filipinos feel a need to unite as one nation and defeat their oppressors. Centuries after this, Filipinos seemed to have developed a greater grasp of the idea of national identity. But still, the distinctiveness of each ethnic group making up the Philippine culture has been preserved. The culture of these ethnic groups was studied and examined in this research. The history of the Philippines played an important role in the development of the culture of these ethnic groups. Most of the names of the places from which these ethnic groups come from were given by Spanish colonizers. Their names were based on bodies of water found in their territories, characteristics of the inhabitants of the place, etc. It is also from the colonizers that the different ethnic groups got their religion. Before the Spanish colonization, animism and worship of natural resources was prevalent among Filipinos. When the Spaniards came, they taught the Filipino natives about Christianity and eventually, they adapted this religion and soon after, it became widespread in the Philippines. However, the inhabitants of the southern part of the Philippines, the island of Mindanao, have Islam as their religion. Their environment and natural resources are also very important factors in the development of the culture of the different ethnic groups. If the region was surrounded with bodies of water, people there are inclined to be fishermen in order to provide for their families. If the region was mountainous, people there would depend on forests for their daily survival. And if the region has fertile soil, planting crops and other vegetation would be their primary source of living. Language also distinguishes one ethnic group from the other. There are approximately 78 languages in the Philippines and each has different phonology and morphology. But communication between ethnic groups is not impossible for most Filipinos today have a very good grasp of Filipino, the national language, and English. Ethnic groups also differ when it comes to the traits and characteristics prevalent among them. Some groups are considered frugal perhaps because of their way of life, which is simple and focuses only on daily necessities and knows only little luxury. Some groups are noted for their love of spending on clothes and other luxuries but this could just be brought about by the growing industrialization in their region. The customs and traditions also differ from one group to the other. Most of these traditions are handed down from one generation to the other, since the time of their ancestors. Some groups’ traditions may seem odd, extreme or eccentric to other groups. The history, languages, traits and traditions may be different, but the nationality is one. We must aim for unity and not uniformity. Therefore, we must learn to accept each one’s uniqueness. But the regional and cultural differences of each ethnic group must not only be accepted; they must be respected. Everyone is entitled to feel that his/her own ethnic culture will be respected by his fellow Filipinos. To other researchers wishing to also do a study on the culture of major ethnic groups in Luzon Visayas and Mindanao, conducting interviews with people from various places with different ethnicities is highly recommended. The researcher was not able to this due to lack of resources. But to those planning to do a research on this topic with enough time and financial resources, interviews would be of great help in order to gather fisrt-hand information regarding certain distinct traits, customs, beliefs and traditions of the different culture of major ethnic groups in the Philippines. References Andres, T. D. (2005). Understanding Bicolano Values. Quezon City: Giraffe Books. Andres, T. D. (2003). Understanding Pampango Values. Quezon City: Giraffe Books. Caguimbal, M. ,Jocano, F. L. ,Marquez, L. (1994). Problems Methods in the Study of Philippine Indigenous Ethnic Culture. QC: Asian Center, University of the Philippines. Capiz (2000). Capiz Online. Retreived March 1, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. capiz. gov. ph/cms/news. php Casinillo, N. (2004). Masbate. Masbate Online. Retrieved Dec. 12, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://masbateonline. om/about_masbate. php. Conaco, M. C. (1996). Social Categorization and Identity in the Philippines. QC: College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines. Davies, B. (1997). Pangasinan: A Journey into the Philippines. Bangkok: Luna Publications. Doronila, M. L. (1992). National Identity and Social Change. Quezon City: UP Press and UP Center for Integrative and Development Studies. Fontanilla, J. A. (2002). Aklan. DLSU Litera1 No4. Retreived March 15, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://litera1no4. tripod. com/waray_frame. html. Ilocano. (2007). Languages of the World. Retreived February 28, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. nvtc. gov/ lotw/months/june/Ilokano. html. Ilocos Norte The Best Of Culture And Nature. (2007). WOW Philippines. Retreived February 28, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. tourism. gov. ph/explore_phil/place_details. asp? content=descriptionprovince=1 Madale, A. T. (1997). The Maranaws: Dwellers of the Lake. Manila:Rex Bookstore. Mercado, L. N. (1994). Working with Indigenous People. Manila: Divine Word Publications. Mojares, R. B. Quimpo, S. (1997). Cebu: More than an Island. Makati City: Ayala Foundation. Palabay, A. (2001). Pangasinan. Retreived March 1, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. ilocos. net. ph/index. php? option=com_wrapperItemid=104. Rodriguez, N. (2000). Waray. DLSU Litera1 No4. Retrieved Dec. 15, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://litera1no4. tripod. com/waray_frame. html. Santiago, S. PianoJ, L. (2000). The Indigenous Peoples of the Philippines. Manila: Rex Bookstore. Shead, M. P. (2001). Filipino Culture, Customs and Traditions. Retreived March 15, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. livinginthephilippines. com/philculture/filipino_ culture. tml Shead, M. P. (2001). Understanding the Language and the Culture. Retreived March 15, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. livinginthephilippines. com/philculture/understanding _language_ and_culture. html. Velasco, F. (2002). Tausug. Indigenous People. Retreived Dec. 10, 2007 from the World Wide Web:http://library. thinkquest. org/C003235/tausug. html. Warays (2003). Philippine Regional Cultures. Retreived March 1, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. seasite. niu. edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Default_files/Philippine_ Culture/Regional%20Cultures/waray-waray/warays. htm.

Three Day Road free essay sample

The first theme I noticed in the second half of the novel was being powerless. Xavier is ultimately powerless in the sense that he cannot stop Elijah from heading down his path of self-destruction. No matter what he does Elijah will continue to evolve as the monster he has become. Xavier finally has to kill Elijah because he knows that that is the only way to stop him. Niska is also powerless because on their three day journey home there is nothing she can do to cure Xavier of his addiction. As hard as she tries to heal Xavier with her story telling, the morphine will eventually take his life. There is also a point in the novel where Niska believes she has lost her power of having visions after the Frenchmen takes advantage of her in the church. Another theme that is more prominent in the second half of the novel is competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Day Road or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Elijah has a goal to be a better sniper than Peggy and to prove to everyone else that he is by keeping track and advertising the number of kills he has. Xavier is also trying to compete with Elijah because Xavier knows that he is the better sniper. Xavier becomes increasingly frustrated because other soldiers continue to praise Elijah, to the point where he even gets a medal for his efforts during a battle, but everyone seems to be ignoring Xavier’s success. Characters being kept in the dark is another major theme of Three Day Road. Throughout the entire war Xavier and Elijah are kept in the dark about what is going to happen next. Firstly they are told the war will only last a few months, then they are there for approximately three years. The Sargent’s also like to keep Xavier and Elijah in the dark by sending them out on missions that they have no idea just how they will turn out. Niska is also kept in the dark as far as knowing what exactly goes on during the war that damages her Nephew so badly and what happens to Elijah. 5. Writing Style The first person perspective from both Niska and Xavier goes hand in hand with the theme of being kept in the dark. The stories being told in first person keep the reader not knowing what is going to happen which creates suspense in the novel and makes the reader want to continue reading. I think the stories being told from Xavier perspective create a bias towards Xavier and against Elijah that causes the reader to be sympathetic for Xavier even when he does something so awful as killing his best friend (even though Elijah tries to kill him first, I think Xavier could have tried to talk Elijah down and convince him there was no need for either of them to die). As a reader you find yourself saying â€Å"It is what had to be done† or â€Å"I feel sorry for Xavier having to kill Elijah†. In reality all Elijah is doing wrong is scalping people he has already killed but Xavier kills his best friend. Yes, scalping someone is disgusting but on a moral level which act is â€Å"more wrong†? I think the stories being told from Xavier’s perspective force the reader to automatically assume Elijah is in the wrong, but there are always two sides to a story and Elijah’s is never told. 6. Quotations â€Å"‘I think I got him! ’ I say to Elijah, excited. ‘Impossible to say,’ he answers† (Boyden 198). This is said during a conversation between Xavier and Elijah after Xavier and Elijah both attempt to kill someone in a machine gun nest. This quotation is important because it is the first time Xavier shows excitement over killing someone. As soon as I read this my first thought was that Xavier was going to realize why Elijah enjoys killing and possibly become the monster Elijah has. This also demonstrates the competition between Xavier and Elijah. Since they were both shooting at the same time and Xavier gets the kill first Elijah brushes it off as no big deal and that Xavier may not have even killed him because he doesn’t want to admit that he is the better shot. This incident also builds up Xavier’s hatred towards Elijah. â€Å"I want to bead Elijah with my fists until he is bloody† (Boyden 214) Xavier narrates this after Elijah confesses that Lisette was w whore that he had hired to sleep with Xavier. I think this is important because it is the first time Xavier expresses his hatred and desire to be violent towards Elijah, to the reader. To me, it becomes evident that Xavier number one priority is no longer to try and protect Elijah. This is another incident that builds up Xavier’s hatred towards Elijah. â€Å"No, it clearly says you are the last of your family† (Boyden 267). This is said by Fat while he is reading the letter that Niska had written to Xavier. This is important because it explains why Xavier said that he thought Niska was dead in the beginning of the novel. It also explains why Xavier said that the letter had damaged him. I think believing that Niska is dead takes away Xavier’s reason to live making Xavier no longer care what happens to him. â€Å"’You have read moose bones in the past. I have watched you. And often it has worked. You have lead us straight to them before’† (Boyden 268). This is said by Elijah when he brings Xavier the shoulder blade of a German soldier and asks him to read it like Niska and her Father have read the moose and bear bones earlier on in the novel. I think this quotation is important because this is when it finally clicked for me that Xavier was a windigo killer. After making this connection I predicted that Elijah was going to eventually resort to cannibalism because of his madness and Xavier would have to kill him. I also wondered if perhaps Elijah had really been eating human meat instead of horse meat earlier on and Xavier believed that it was horse meat because he was in denial of what Elijah had become and knew that he would have to take action if Elijah had been eating human meat. Although Elijah never does become a cannibal, this prediction was partially right because I think he becomes a windigo by enjoying killing people and Xavier does end up killing him.