Current Trends in Tourism

Tourism industry is one of the most dynamic and fast developing sector which has a huge impact on economy. This sector is significantly effected by global economy therefore tourism and travelling also move downward in case of crisis in the financial circumstances. In this essay I would like to present some examples, how tourism has been effected by crisis in the main Arabic countries and Greece. Besides, it will be outined how airlines sector has been changed in the last five years.In 2010, there was some critical point as disturbances and civil war in significant tourism destination such Egypt or Tunisia. These countries most considerable income comes from tourism but obviously lack of tourists can cause an economy crisis. Although these countries lost their visitors but other Eurasian countries (for instance Turkey) made profit because those tourist who prefer to visit that region choosen Turkish-Riviera which is safer than Arabic languague areas with similar conditions. However, T urkey made a profit by the the political crisis in Egypt.Egypt's neighbours – for example Libya and Israel – had loss too,since many tour operators had organised combined tours to these countries and that tours were cancelled, consequently the loss increased. By summer of 2012, the politics situation became stabled and some part of these regions got back their popularity especially the Red-sea coast and Sinai. Also, there are some difficulties in the Europien market. Between 2009-2012 Europe continued its struggle for surviving, mostly one of the main mediterranean destination, Greece.The crisis has become deeper and painful. Tourism is incredibly important for Greece, for the main profit comes from tourism and catering consequently they can not loose this significant income. Due to crisis some advantages came up for the visitors. The economy situation has helped push down the value of the Euro, making to Greece relatively cheaper for Americans or other foreign visitor s. In fact, some prices has been fallen such as hotel rooms and food due to crisis. As a result, number of the tourists is roughly the same.According to Giorgos Mamalos press advisor of the Greek embassy said:† Greece is certainly going through a crisis, but this has no significant impact on security and tourism. † Let us have a look on airlines. Airlines have an important impact on tourism and they have affect on each other. In the past few years some airlines have no choice to avoid to break down. Hungarian airlines (MALEV) was shuted down in this year after 60 years service. It was not a huge global airline but it kept a connection between Balkan and West-Europe and had flown over 33 countries.Following their bankrupcy there is no more flight between these two region therefore tourism has strongly decreased. Also, many airline such as Kingfisher Airline, Delta Airline etc. exist, although they are suffering by financial problems, which has an effection for tourism ind ustry. On the other hand, low-cost airlines such as Ryanair, take advantage on their competitors crisis and found new opportunities that generate strong competition on the aviation market. Notwithstanding, according to Bernd Hahn's â€Å"A study on low cost carriers in Europe† essay the full-cost carriers do not loose to many clients because of low-cost airlines.What is the reason why the low cost and high price airlines and travel agencies are not virtual competitors? I reckon, question is simple. Every customer has different needs. Those passangers that had previously travelled with traditional airlines and agencies and they had been satisfied with service, well, they will not change their habits – independently on prices. Those who can afford only lower budget but would like travelling and visiting other countries – these passengers will use low-cost airlines and cheap services.It is not a simple „fare-competition† because both of them have a diff erent level of service. Consequently these companies are not real rival. Yet, they have to keep an eye on each other because tourists financial circumstances, tourism and aviation market can change very quickly and they can win or lost customers. To sum up, in the past few years has been a global economy and political crisis which has affected on the tourism and airline industry. Importancy of low-cost airlines have been growing continuosly, which is an important trend.It seems these industries have survived the crisises and some forecast shows that positive trend will be continuing in 2013, although the unstable economy situation always have a negative impact on the industry . Sources: What does the Greek economics mean for a visitor to Greece? (www. eturbonews. com )(David S. White) 2010 Restoring Egyptian Tourism from crisis to recovery (www. eturbonews. com) David Beirman 2011 Greece crisis has no impact on tourism, embassy in Rome, Giorgos Mamalos (www. ansamed. info) 2012 A st udy on low cost carriers in Europe, Bernd Hahn, Wuppertal Papers, No, 159, 2006

Drink Less Coke, More Water Essay

Purpose: To persuade the audience to drink less coke and more water. Thesis: Drinking coke and other sodas are harmful to the body. Drinking less soda (especially coke) and more water will help you to become an overall healthier person with less health problems in the long run. Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Introduction Attention Getting Device: What would it take to clean off an old, rusted coin? Many of you might believe any simple cleaning product would get the job done but, this is not so. The answer I’m looking for is coke. That’s right, coke. Coke is so strong that it can remove dirt, rust and grime off of almost any surface. Along with this, it can stain your teeth and dissolve tooth enamel. So my next question to you all is: why, do we love to put something so strong and hazardous inside of our gentle bodies? Source: According to oleda.com â€Å"[soda] can have a†¦toxic†¦poisonous†¦lethal†¦venomous†¦ seriously harmful effect on your entire body. Drinking soda pop is a sure-fire way to age faster† accessed on June 19, 2012. Significance: Today many adults and even children face the issues of being able to successfully consume enough glasses of water a day to maintain the functions of the laborious body. Credibility: As a former excessive coke drinker who has went from drinking countless glasses of coke a day to now drinking a coke (or any soda) less than a few times a week I am credible to speak on this topic. Thesis: Drinking coke and other sodas are harmful to the body. Drinking less soda (especially coke) and more water will help you to become an overall healthier person with less health problems in the long run. Preview: First, I will explain the harmful effects of soda in general on the body. Second, I will describe a technique I used to put an end to my daily over consumption of soda. Finally, I will share my results of the described techniques with the audience. Organizational Pattern: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Transition – Let’s get started! There is no need to take off years of your life by drinking soda. Body I.Main Point #1- Drinking soda (especially coke) on a constant basis is detrimental to your health. In order to be a healthier person you should limit your soda consumption to a minimum.   A. This situation needs to be handled as soon as possible. Soda is horrible for the body. 1. By this point you all are aware that soda is bad for your health but, exactly how bad is it? Soda has many effects on the body that you wouldn’t think a tasty non alcoholic drink would cause. However, after years of drinking it one might ask to themselves: What’s wrong with drinking soda? Well, today I am here to answer just that. 2. Drinking soda, according to termlifeinsurance.com soda causes: issues with kidney and reproductive organs, dissolves tooth enamel, and increases risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and even asthma. In the May issue of the American Journal of Nutrition it was stated that people who consumed more than one soda per day have an increased risk of stroke. Accessed on June 19,2012. 3. I know personally that since I have stopped drinking sodas as much as I use to I have experienced drastic weight changes. Along with weight loss, I generally felt better and not so groggy throughout the day. B.You only get one body, so treat it kind. The ingredients used and the amount you consume both have a drastic effect on your health. 1. Soda, goes far beyond the yummy beverage that is served with your meal at Mcdonalds. Soda, is filled with ingredients that do horrifying damage to your internal organs in the long run. According to Buzzle.com some of the ingredients found in soda are: High Fructose Corn Syrup, Aspartame, Caffeine, Phosphoric Acid and Citric Acid. A study mentioned on rodale.com accessed on June 19, 2012 the 2010 FASEB scientific Journal, found that the excessive phosphate levels found in sodas caused lab rats to die a full five weeks earlier than the rats whose diets had more normal phosphate levels 2. In a recent study, the Beverage Marketing Corporation found that the average American drinks 44.7 gallons of soda every year. 44.7 gallons is about 375 pounds. That’s about 487 cans or 286 bottles or 85 2-liters topping its competition of bottled water, beer, milk and coffee. This information was found on gizmodo.com accessed on June 20, 2012. 3. Specialists from the American Heart Association recommend consuming no more than 450 calories from sugar sweetened beverages per week, which is the amount in three cans of cola. This information was found cnn.com and accessed on June 20, 2012. Transition- Now that you know some facts about soda, I will explain how to get on the right path to success. II. Main Point#2 – In order to prevent the health issues previously stated, you should begin to limit your soda consumption. A.Personally, I began my limit my consumption by drinking fewer and fewer bottles of coke a day. For example, if I usually drank 7 glasses of coke I would now drink 6 and have a glass of water. 1.This helps you because it makes the transition not so hard. Along with this it helps you to be able to clearly distinguish the difference between how your body feels when you drink soda versus when you drink water. 2.Some people prefer to go cold turkey and just stop drinking soda all at once but, from my experience by using this method you are more likely to crave and have withdraws which in turn will lead to failure. Another way I began to limit my soda consumption is by purchasing less sodas. Personally, I believe if you don’t have any sodas in your house, you can’t drink it as much. a.To achieve overall better health you will need to limit your soda consumption. It is necessary. b.There are three steps you will need to make in order to rid your body of hazardous chemicals and health issues caused by soda. I.First, you will need to identify that you have a soda consumption problem. If you only drink a few cups of soda a week you won’t actually need to rid your body of soda. A good way to determine if you need to make changes is if your urine is on a normal basis darker than the color of lemonade. If it is leaning towards a medium yellow and gold color you need to drink more water. II.Second, after you have identified that you have a problem or need to drink less you will need to pick one of the two methods I previously stated. Either the day by day method or the cold turkey method. III.Third, after you have chosen a method you can now begin your process of drinking less coke and drinking more water. Try your best to keep a record of how many glasses of soda and water you are drinking each day. Transition- Once you have done the necessary actions, there are a few results you should expect to see. III. Main Point#3 – Finally, after about a few days or a week take a look at your progress and determine if that method really worked for you or if you need to alter things. A.After you have taken the proper steps necessary you should be drinking more water than before, have a lighter urine color and feel healthier overall. Additionally, if you have taken it seriously and really cut back on sodas you should lose a few pounds. B.If, for some reason you do not follow through with limiting your soda consumption you will increase your chances of numerous health issues and takes years off your life. Transition- Now to sum it all up Conclusion Thesis: Drinking coke and other sodas are harmful to the body. Drinking less soda (especially coke) and more water will help you to become an overall healthier person with less health problems in the long run. Preview: First, I explained the harmful effects of soda in general on the body. Second, I described a technique I used to put an end to my daily over consumption of soda. Finally, I share the general results from technique I used with the audience. Return to AGD: Now that I have told you the harmful effects of coke. Don’t put harmful chemicals in your body and don’t let a beautiful smile go to waste! Works Cited (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2012, from Oleda: http://www.oleda.com/oleda_tips/tips.asp?dept=48 Baxamusa, B. N. (2012, February 17). Soda Ingredients . Retrieved June 19, 2012, from www.buzzle.com: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/soda-ingredients.html Chan, C. (2011, June 27). The Average American Drinks 45 Gallons of Soda a Year. Retrieved June 20, 2012, from www.gizmodo.com: http://gizmodo.com/5815818/the-average-american-drinks-45-gallons-of-soda-a-year Jampolis, D. M. (2012, May 18). Is drinking soda really that bad for you? Retrieved June 19, 2012, from www.cnn.com: http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/18/health/jampolis-dangers-drinking-soda/index.html Main, E. (n.d.). 5 Disturbing Side Effects of Soda. Retrieved June 19, 2012, from www.rodale.com: http://www.rodale.com/facts-about-soda-0

Models of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Models of Change - Essay Example In addition, the team also wanted to use the human performance improved methods to promote success. Initially, the team’s department had developed a long term goal which frequently inconvenienced the team members, especially when there was a new project. Historically, training on the projects was being focused for the clients. The incoming projects were also beyond the team members’ capacity to handle them. The team needed a training that would promote an individual’s capacity to handle more work, rather than an individual’s skill on a specific topic or area. Additionally, all projects were monitored individually rather than collectively (Van Tiem, Moseley & Dessinger, 2012). There is a clear relationship between the company’s change program and the HPT model in implementing change. The company significantly wanted to expand its operations capacity and its employee’s level of service by using non training methods in order to realize the projects value (Binder, 1998). The HTP models were used to improve the employees’ performance in order to enhance effectiveness in the organization. The HPT model recognizes the importance of the organizational and the individual factors in influencing an employee’s performance. The individual’s factors include capacity, knowledge and motives. The organizational factors include incentives, its instruments and data. The company hopes to improve its capacity and employees skills which are linked to the HPT individual factors of influencing behavior (Binder, 1998). The company’s change initiative is interrelated with the HPT model, such that the organization will not achieve its goal unless it changes the HPT individual factors. The company will need to equip its employees with the right knowledge in order to explain to the customers effectively. Through the employees acquiring the right skills and knowledge, the problem of over burdening

Nursing - Use of Herbals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing - Use of Herbals - Research Paper Example Studies have also shown improvements in the control of quality and evaluation of these compounds. Considering that many herbal compounds do not undergo chemical processing, many people think that they are safe, and have no side effects even when taken beyond measure (Cassileth, Yeung, and Gubili & 2008). They also tend to use these compounds alongside prescribed medicines having the impression that they will improve treatment. Despite their proven values, herbals do not have the perceived safety, and neither do they all improve treatment when used alongside prescribed drugs. One of the emerging issues in modern times is that herbal compounds are not as safe as they are thought to be. In fact, they may be counterproductive when used by patients undergoing certain treatments and those on prescription medications. History of herbal medicine use The use of herbals has a long history dating back about ten thousand years. Some of the longest records of the use of herbal medicines include t hose found in Egypt, India and ancient China. Herbals also have a long history in other indigenous cultures including the Native American and African cultures. With the advent of chemical analysis in the 19th century, scientists started extracting and modifying active ingredients contained in plants and came up with pharmaceuticals. Even with the development of pharmaceuticals, natural remedies to human health still represent a significant portion of the US market, and other parts of the globe. In places like Germany, for example, the sales turnover of one herbal product called silymarin amounts to $180 million annually (Breevort, 1996). This herbal compound is used almost exclusively for treating liver problems. Almost a third of outpatients seeking medical care from liver clinics use this product according to Breevort (1996). Breevort (1996) also explains that marketing of herbals between 1992 and 1996 increased threefold. Studies also reveal that over the last two decades, there has been growth in the level of public dissatisfaction with the prices of prescription medications, coupled with a growing interest in organic or natural remedies in the United States. This essentially has led to an increase in herbal medicines use. How herbals work Unlike doctors practicing conventional medicine, herbalists try to find and deal with the underlying causes of a health problem instead of treating individual symptoms. This is done based on the belief that the use of herbal tonics and tinctures can help the body heal itself by restoring harmony and balance, and activating the life force of the body (Cassileth, Yeung, and Gubili & 2008). Just like naturopathic medicine, it aims at supporting the body’s natural ability to achieve optimal health, and facilitating the innate healing mechanisms of the body. The compounds used for conducting herbal treatments are extracted from roots, barks, berries, seeds, leaves, flowers and petals of plants, and are presented as com plex mixtures of many different compounds. Efficacy and safety of herbal products There are a number of scientific literatures that have documented the safety and efficacy of herbal products including their toxic effects. Many of these reports contradict the popular view asserting that herbals are natural compounds and, therefore, are harmless. A study conducted by the National Poison Information Service during the period 1991-1995 recorded 785Â  cases of confirmed or probable cases of adverse reactions to

Positive Replacement Behaviors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Positive Replacement Behaviors - Essay Example 1). For reinforcements to effectively work, it was emphasized that students need to be deprived of whatever tool is planned to be used by educators as reinforcers. The crucial role of deprivation was initially thought of implied in early reinforcement theories, but as Bourbon disclosed, â€Å"if a child has all of the attention he or she needs or wants, then a teacher cannot use attention to "reinforce" the child’s behavior. No deprivation, no control of behavior. No control of behavior, no discipline program† (Bourbon: Deprivation and Positive Reinforcers, 1997, par. 6). Positive reinforcement was, therefore, defined as â€Å"a process in which a stimulus is presented following a particular behavior, thereby strengthening that behavior. The stimulus is referred to as a ‘reinforcer’ and is roughly synonymous with the word ‘reward’† (JRank Articles, 2012, par. 2). Simply put, positive reinforcement is a process that educators could implem ent in teaching students to act in a particular way and rewarding the students for manifesting correct behavior. On the other hand, negative reinforcements were described as â€Å"a process that involves the removal or reduction of a negative or unwanted stimulus after a behavior occurs, thereby strengthening that behavior. ... For example, students who are assessed to be sensitive to loud noises or instructional materials that could distract their attention could be provided with more conducive and accommodating learning environments, such as sitting them away from noisy areas, providing quiet learning spaces, and even providing some students with earphones which minimize noises and distractions and assist in focusing on the activities at hand. Plan for Students with Emotional Disabilities 1. Problem Behavior: Student A is identified to manifest "passive-aggressive" behavior by seeking attention and intermittently expressing anger indirectly through the use of manipulative behavior such as exhibiting cruelties, stubborn refusals to cooperate, being excessively loud with violent tendencies or exhibiting passive listening and being always out of the student’s seat. 2. Possible Explanations: Lack of support from members of the nuclear family; demographic profile (cultural background, income level, soci al support); history of abuse or violence; trauma from past events; academic failure; peer pressure; frustration. 3. Replacement Behavior: to appropriately deal with passive-aggressive behavior by: (1) asking assistance from a teacher or peer when he feels maladjusted behavior; (2) he will focus on clearly defined positive learning goals to assist in developing optimistic perception in life. 4. Goals: to apply positive reinforcement through (a) assessing the signs of passive-aggressive behavior together with Student A; (2) to recognize that positive behavior would be exhibited by cooperative learning, active listening and focused attention to learning activities; (3) to realize that there are support groups (teachers, peers) who she can tap in cases where maladjusted behavior tends to

Management of queues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management of queues - Essay Example Thus, this type of model is time efficient because the service rate, which is the number of customers attended within a given time interval, increases. A good example is of customers waiting in queues to get their checks cashed in front of multiple counters in a bank. No Customer Frustration Multiple queues put an end to customers’ frustration which they have to face in case of single queues. The frustration that single queues offer has an impact on the customer satisfaction and good will and thus costs the company a lot in the long run. Thus, with multiple queues this problem can be eliminated since customers are quickly attended to within least possible time. For example, when there are multiple check outs in a grocery store, a consumer feels good when he does not have to wait in long single queue with grocery on the trolley which he has to guard too. Multiple queuing model is a blessing at grocery stores. Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons gave the example of McDonalds which †Å"feared that customers would balk on seeing a long line† (454) and therefore implemented multiple queues. Switching of Queues Customers can always switch onto the queue which seems to be shorter and in which he feels that he will be attended much sooner. For example, when a new movie is going to be released, there are multiple queues in front of the ticketing counters. Some queues are long and some are short. A customer from long queue can come out and join a shorter one to save time and energy. This way, the queues also get managed themselves and the load on each counter is distributed among all the counters. Enjoyment One benefit that multiple queues have on single queues is that when customers make multiple queues, they are free to chat with each other and have fun while they are waiting for their turns. This makes them comfortable with the situation they are in and they pass their waiting time happily. Example is of people queued up for tickets in front of the cinema hall and chatting about the new movie. Disadvantages Cost Multiple queues with multiple services facilities sometimes adds too much to the set up cost because it may happen that the customers are being attended too efficiently and thus some servers remain idle for some time which also results in some employees being idle resulting in low morale. Multiple queues require a lot of service capacity in order to be efficient. No First-come first-served In case of multiple queues, since it is the customer’s choice which queue to join and since he can always switch onto the queue which seems shorter, the rule of first-come, first-served or first-in, first-out cannot be applied. A good example is that of traffic jam, where a driver can leave his line and enter one which seems shorter and running faster. This way, even if he came later than other drivers, he has chances of getting out of the traffic sooner. Also, when a queue is switched, the previous queue always seems to have become fast er and shorter. This is an out of logic stigma attached to multiple queues which cannot be explained. Alertness Although the customers in multiple queues can have an extra fun of chatting and gossiping with each other, yet they have to remain extra alert so that they can hear their number. They can be careless about their turn or number more than if they were in a single queue. Example is of fast food centers as McDonalds where people engage in socializing and may become forgetful of their numbers. Psychological

Hepatitis B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hepatitis B - Essay Example There are also two cases of Hepatitis infection. If a person develops the virus later in life there is a higher chance of the person’s body defeating the virus. The virus can take somewhere between weeks and months to clear the body in such cases. The infection can be deadly however, and is most lethal in infants. The disease can also become life threatening if it becomes mixed with different live problems. Currently, there are several different solutions to the virus. Antiviral treatments are available, as well as several different immune system boosters. New antivirals are always under investigation. Vaccines have also been developed in preventing the spread of the disease. Health workers and even some college campuses are now requiring this vaccine. The vaccine has been found to be highly effective, as it greatly reduces the number of viral incidents, as well as reducing the risk of liver cancer. The Hepatitis B virus is a double stranded DNA virus (Hepatitis). When it enters into a host cell, it locates the cell’s nucleus and changes the cell to produce viral proteins. Viral RNA is also produced, and transferred to the cytosol of the cell, where it translates the viral polymerase and core proteins. Using the polymerase protein the RNA is then converted into genomic DNA, and then the mature core particle leaves the cells through normal passageways (Hepatitis). The transfer of this possibly deadly virus happens between fluid contact of people. The virus can be transferred through â€Å"unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, re-use of contaminated needles and syringes, and vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth†(Hepatitis). In low risk areas, drug abuse and unprotected sex are the main forms of virus transfer. In high risk areas however, the passing of the virus from mother is much higher, it can even reach a 90 percent chance of a mother passing the virus to her

Strategic Choices for Coca Cola Company Research Paper

Strategic Choices for Coca Cola Company - Research Paper Example On the other hand, weaknesses of the company are negative publicity; health issues attached with the brand, some brands of the company are less popular, poor performance in North America and decline in cash from operating activities. Examination of the external environment demonstrates opportunities and treats of the company. Uncovered market, growing bottled water market, buy out competition and acquisition of the intense competition can be proves opportunities for the company. On the contrary, increasing health consciousness, increased competition from local and international players, legal issues, health ministries of various developing countries are imposing threats on the company (The Coca-Cola Company, 2011). In order to avail the maximum benefits of the strengths and opportunities, the company is advice to handle the threats and weaknesses very carefully. In this context, creation of competitive advantage is recommendable. When a firm has an edge over its competitors then it is said to have a competitive advantage. According Michael Porter, there are two types of competitive advantage viz cost advantage and differentiation strategy. Coca-cola achieved its competitive advantage by delivering same benefits as competitors but on lower cost i.e. cost leadership. However, both local and international competitors pull down its rates to the level of Coca-cola which ended its cost leadership. Then it came up with benefits that exceed those of competitors which are called differentiation strategy. This strategy worked in favor of the company as it positioned the company with distinctive taste in the market. It also added some snacks to its product line which again made its look different (Thinki ng made easy, 2009). The strategic choice of the company is based on the resource based view concept. This concept focuses on creation of competitive advantage by utilizing firm’s resources

Cloud-based efficiency gains within e-Business strategies Essay

Cloud-based efficiency gains within e-Business strategies - Essay Example E- Business is a process in which the business transactions are made via networks of telecommunication especially the internet. The invention and innovation in the ICT sector led to the development of cloud computing. Cloud computing is the process of using remote server networks on internet to process, manage and store e- business data (Geoffrion and Krishnan, 2003: 1445). This technological process is an option for the use of a personal computer or a local server. Cloud computing has gained popularity within the business sectors over the past years because there has been a need to reduce the energy costs. The cloud computing is also more of environment friendly technology. It is efficient in relation to energy consumption during computation, communication and storage of data. Studies show that cloud computing is more energy efficient compared to in- house information centers. Its efficiency can be categorized into: economies of scale, aggregation and diversity, flexibility and effe ctiveness. It was found that businesses can improve their efficiency by spreading the costs. The costs are spread over a server that is larger, thus allowing efficiency improvements. There has been increased usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) due to technological improvement. The use of ICT has been preferred in the businesses due to its efficiency and effectiveness. The technological dynamics has made efficiency of the ICT to be more energy efficient. There has been increased usage of ICT in businesses due to its ease of use and reliability. Since businesses aim to see that the profit is maximized, there has been a need for cost- effectiveness in ICT (Kyriazoglou, 2012: 213). The environmental concerns, efficiency and effectiveness have seen that cloud computing gets preferred in the business sector. This is because cloud computing has improved the efficient utilization of information

Profile of Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Profile of Leader - Essay Example It cannot also go without a mention how Sheikh Zayed devoted his life to serving his people and making the world such a better place to live in. As the story is told, Sheikh Zayed was born in 1918 as the youngest of the four sons of Sheik Sultan bin Zayed, who also ruled between 1922 and 1926, somewhere in Abu Dhabi. During his time of birth, it is reported that Emirates was very poor and lacked development. Its economy was majorly based on fishing and pearl diving. There were also few practices of simple agriculture on the scattered oasis. Sheikh Zayed is one leader who led by example. We get to know about this when he established a clear vision of what he wanted to accomplish for his people of Al Ain in the late 1940s and the early 1950s (Eesa, 2001). Progress finally dawned to Al Ain even with the few government revenues that were collected at that time. A basic administration was established with the help of the Sheikh and he even personally sponsored the establishment of the first modern school. He also mobilized and encouraged friends and relatives to contribute funds that could go to the development of small-scale. Through his help, Sheikh Zayed ensured that the local water ownership was revised to allow a more equitable distribution. Through this, Agriculture was promoted, and the Oasis were re-established as the major market centers. It is his efforts in city planning in Al Ain that ensured the city became one of the greenest cities in Arabia. According to Hamza Hanson Yusuf who is a renowned American preacher and scholar, Sheikh Zayed is a very rare figure that was seen to be very inspiring through his leadership style and way of life (UAEInteract, 2013). He also described Sheikh Zayed as a leader whose words were full of wisdom. Sheik Zayed was also recognized as a leader who had great respect and love for the environment. This is well shown by the way he initiated falconry that became a lifelong passion for many (CPC, 2013). His love

Price Elasticity Essay Example for Free

Price Elasticity Essay Using the calculation of: price elasticity of demand= (percentage change in quantity)/(percentage change in price) When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is greater than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be greater than 1. The first two products, Barnes and Noble books and Coca-Cola, will therefore have an elastic demand classification. When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is less than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be less than 1. The last three products of Cigarettes, Beer, and Gasoline; will therefore have an inelastic demand classification. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Explain the implications of those classifications on tax revenue collections when the per-unit tax increases as opposed to decreases. When the products are inelastic, an increase in price from the higher duty will lead to a small decrease in demand which is not enough to offset the higher tax that is raised on each unit. Basically, tax revenue collections will therefore rise. The tax revenue collections will fall when that price decreases. They move in the same direction. When the products are elastic, an increase in price from the higher duty would lead to a fall in tax revenue collections. Alternately, when the price decreases, it would lead to a rise in the tax revenue collections. The relationship here is an inverse one. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Using those classifications, make some assumptions regarding tax incidence. For instance, will buyers or sellers pay a larger portion of the tax per unit? Explain. If the product is price inelastic to the consumer (if price rose, a small demand loss would be accounted for by the extra revenue), the seller is able to pass the entire or most of the burden of the tax on to the buyer. The tax incidence here falls on the buyer. If the seller is unable to raise prices because the product is price elastic (if prices rose, more demand would be lost than extra revenue gained), the seller then has to bear the burden of the tax or face decreased revenues. The tax incidence here falls to the seller. In this scenario, the burden would likely continue to flow further back to the factors of production. (Wikipedia, 2013) Conclude, based on the elasticity classifications, their effect on tax revenue and tax incidence, and which goods the government would prefer to tax. The government would prefer to tax products that are usually inelastic. The reason for this is that the quantity demanded of inelastic goods is proportionally smaller than the increase or decrease in the change in price†¦they are less responsive. Therefore the government will place taxes on these goods and they will acquire higher tax revenues. The seller basically does not care that much as they simply place most of the burden of these taxes onto the buyer. Bibliography R. Glen Hubbard, A. P. (2012). Microeconomics, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Wikipedia. (2013, April 6). Tax Incidence. Retrieved 9 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_incidence

Business Strategy of Barclays Bank Kenya

Business Strategy of Barclays Bank Kenya Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Rationale The research will be looking at some of the core business processes within Barclays Bank Kenya and discussions on how automation has been achieved vis-Ã  -vis the hardware and software tools used to drive automation within these processes. The research will also outline the criteria for the selection of automation tools used, how these tools work together to drive automation and how process automation could be made more efficient in the future. Singh et al. (2002) observed that, the need for banks to recurrently remain relevant in a very competitive industry and to satisfy ever growing customer demands, triggered the need for an e-banking solution whose transformaton goes as far back as the 1970s. The deployment of advanced Information Technology helped reduce cost by mostly eliminating the need to build new brick and mortar structures. It also helped to ensure that customers could perform transactions such as cash withdrawal and account balance checking without necessarily stepping into a banking hall. While (Arebeyen, 2011)stated that the high level of competition in the banking sector and a need to remain competitive and relevant together with customer demands for more efficient 24hour banking services led to a need for banks to re-engineer their business processes mostly with the introduction of electronic services. He also concludes by stating how the re-engineering process, through the application of Information Syste ms significantly improved the profitability performance of the banks. Oluwatolani, Joshua and Philip (2011) reported on the impact Information Technology has had on the banking sector. How it has become a transformational tool in making the national economy for competitive and produced a new domain of economic and social partnerships. Laudon and Laudon (1991) also argue that it is impossible for managers to ignore Information Technology as they play a fundamental role in modern day organizations. They pointed out how the worlds top 500 companies have now been linked with Information Technology and how Information Technology has increasingly changed the way banks organized their corporate structures to enhance the efficiency and speed of service delivery. Banks opt for tools that are used to automate business process for various reasons. These tools enable banks to have smaller operational units that result to value-adding tasks that include complex processes like deal origination as well as activities requiring human interventions. Automating processes helps in reducing the use of paper, supporting decision making and digitizing work flow. By embracing fully the use of these tools, banks often create a substantial improvement in customer service and in productivity. In other words, these tools are cost effective and more efficient because they offer solutions that rescue back-office procedures from unnecessary errors and expenses. Therefore the objective of this research is an attempt to fill that gap in knowledge. To conduct a study and gain insight into the tools (hardware and software) that have tremendously improved the banking services within Barclays Bank Kenya, which will be used as a case study for this research. 1.2 Problem Statement The problem this research aims to solve is the inadequate availability of studies on the hardware and software tools that drive process automation within the Kenyan banking sector. This problem has led to a gap in knowledge between the need/analysis of Information Systems in the Kenyan banking sector and the impact Information Systems have had on the sector over the years. This study therefore seeks to bridge that gap by conducting a research on the tools (hardware and software) used to drive automation within Barclays Bank Kenya, the criteria for the selection of tools used, how these tools combine to form a cohesive and effective workflow of processes and how process automation could be made more efficient in the future. 1.3 Justification New generation of modern technology tools enable organizations to resolve the paradox of having to standardize their operations and business processes as a means of achieving operational excellence as well as cost leadership. They help the organizations to achieve significant goals as well as changing their operational models so that they achieve efficiency and innovations. The use of technological tools in running business processes is significant more so because the priorities of organizations are sifting and at the top of the list, most organizations are considering productivity and cost control as most crucial. The technology has helped many organizations to be more effective in their services and products delivery. Business process management utilizes digital tools as a means of creating models that lead to optimization of key business processes. Within the banking system, there are four core business processes that include; production, ad-hoc, administrative and collaborative. The core business within the banking systems are implemented to meet various business requirements such as: acquisitions or mergers by a bank, the need for more flexibility within an ever increasing competitive market as well as the regulatory changes that are inadequately handled through legacy systems. Administrative work flows entail processes that are repetitive and predictable and involves simple task coordination rules like travel request and routing an expense report via an authorization process. Ad-Hoc workflows deals with human coordination, co-decision, collaboration and mostly appear in office processes including sales proposal and product documentation. On the other hand, collaborative workflows involve several iterations of a similar step up to the time an agreement is reached and may also involve getting back to a previous stage. Lastly production workflows encompass predictable and repetitive business processes that are usually critical in nature and may include loan application. Production workflow refers to a process of information that involves access to several or one information system. Production and administrative business processes are the bureaucratic procedures that comprises of well-defined steps that are controlled through defined rules. These two processes can be described with a lot of ease by conventional modelling tools. They are automated by the use of a Workflow Management Systems. Ad-hoc processes are quite similar to administrative processes but differ in that they deal with loosely defined or unique conditions. These conditions cannot be modelled easily nor can they be supported by current Workflow Management Systems effectively. On the other hand, collaborative processes are characterized by the number of those participating as well as by the synchronization required. Collaborative processes are adequately handled by the use of groupware technology. There are various tools used to automate various processes. Theres no question about the impact Information Technology has had on banking operations and still continues to have. It is therefore important to not only study these impacts but also to look at some of the tools that have helped automate the operations of the banking sector. This research will help fill that gap in knowledge by exposing readers to how various hardware and software tools are being used to automate some of the business operations within the banking sector. 1.4 Aims and Objectives 1.4.1 Aims The aim of this research is to provide insight into the hardware and software tools that are used to drive banking process automation within Barclays Bank Kenya. 1.4.2 Objectives The specific objectives of this research are: To identify and analyze the various computing tools used to automate the operational processes of Barclays Bank Kenya. To determine the criteria used by Barclays Bank Kenya in selecting the tools used in automation. To identify the synergy between the various operational tools and interactivity. To identify possible upgrades to the automation system that could increase efficiency. To write a report on the research findings 1.4.3 Research Questions What is the operational workflow of the banking process? What are the hardware and software tools used to automate the banking process? What are the criteria for the selection of hardware and software tools used in the automation of the process? How does the process integrate with other processes? How can the process be made more efficient vis-Ã  -vis the tools used? 1.5 Scope This research is concerned with the hardware and software tools that have been used to achieve banking process automation within the Barclays Bank Kenya. The bank was selected due to its wide coverage branch network and its heavy reliance on Information Technology in carrying out its banking operations. The research also looks into the criteria used in selecting the tools used for automation. It describes the synergy between the various tools and how they interact. And finally it identifies possible upgrades to the tools that could increase the overall efficiency of the automation process. 1.6 Ethical and Professional Issues 1.6.1 Ethical Issues Informed Approval The subject of the case study must fully understand the scope and depth of the research before the researcher can start the study. Impropriety in Research Forgery and distortion in conducting and analyzing research must be avoided and if present should be reported to the supervisor of the research as every academic community has the responsibility of tackling research misconduct. 1.6.2 Professional Issues Citing Sources It is important for the researcher to cite the works of other authors that have been included in his/her research in other to avoid plagiarism. The use of citations is professional as it gives credibility to the researchers own work. Confidentiality It is important that the confidentiality of the source(s) always be maintained by the researcher unless where the source(s) has given explicit permission for their name(s) to be mentioned in the research. This increases the level of rapport between the researcher and their source, making the source willing to provide vital information to the research without fear of their identity being disclosed. 1.7 Schedule The project schedule is shown below with the aid of a Gantt chart. Research Define Research Questions List the cases and choose analysis tools Arrange to collect data Collect data analyze the data Write a report Jan. 2017 Feb. 2017 March. 2017 April. 2017 May. 2017 April 2016 Figure 1.0: A Gnatt Chart Showing the Research Schedule 1.8 Budget TABLE 1.0: Breakdown of Proposed Estimate for Conducting this Research S/NO BUDGET ITEM AMOUNT (KSH) 1 Phone Calls 2,000 2 Internet Data 2,000 3 Printing 1,500 4 Transportation 1,500 TOTAL 7,000

The Press Agentry Model

The Press Agentry Model Press agentry model was the earliest PR model. It comes out in the late 19th century Grunig Hunt, 1984. The heyday of this model from 1850 to 1900 and P.T. Barnum was the representative of the historical figure (Chao, 2012). Press agentry model is one-way communication as the flow of information is only from the sender to the receiver, i.e. source-to-receiver communication. People who send out the message are not much take no account of second partys response, comment, point of view and so on. Press agentry attempts to alter the act of publics whereas do not have the intention to change the behavior of the organization. Public relations whose are under press agentry struggle for publicity in the media in almost any way possible. Practitioners of press agentry have included so-called fathers of modern PR, Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays. In the early 20th Century, both were Broadway press agents, when Broadway was the capital of the entertainment world, before moving on. Bernays move into constructed news that accounts for audience perceptions and biases is a sophisticated form of press agentry. His 1915 80-page press packet for the Diaghilev Ballet Russe American tour was an early example, and his work in 1932 publicizing autos for General Motors with testimonials from business and academic leaders was more elaborate. Press agents did little research aside from monitoring the media in which they sought to place favorable articles about their clients. The prototype practitioner of this model was the American impresario P. T. Barnum. He promoted circuses and other entertainment venues such as the singer Jenny Lind. Publicity continues to be a component of contemporary American PR and is used in sports, entertainment and product publicity, although todays practitioners are less likely to take liberties with the truth. In Press Agentry publicity model, public relations expects enhance the reputation of the organization among the target audience, stakeholders, employees, partners, all other associated with it through manipulation. According to this model, hire public relations expects who create a positive image of their brand in the minds of target audience through arguments and reasoning. They influence their potential customers by simply imposing their ideas, thoughts, creative stories of their bran d, USPs of the products and so on. Flow of information takes place only from the public relations expects to the target audiences. (One-Way communication) Although J. Grunig and Hunt acknowledged that there had been public-relations-like activities throughout history, they claimed that the press agents of the mid-19th century were the first full- name specialists to practice public relations. These press agents practiced the press agentry/ publicity model of public relations for such heroes as Andrew Jackson, Daniel Boone, Buffalo Bill Cody, and Calamity Jane. The most prominent of these practitioners was P.T. Barnum, who skillfully promoted his circus performers using the axiom, There is a sucker born every minute. Curiosity and scepticism played a pivotal role in the success of the press agentry model in the 19th Century, as illustrated with Barnums stunt, and to this day it still does. Butterick (2009) points out that we only have to look at the inner editorial pages of the tabloid newspapers, the celebrity magazines or observe when a new movie or CD is launched to see the press agentry model in its purest form. Press agents like Max Clifford are often seen as masters of the industry, carefully manipulating the media coverage of their clients, as Butterick notes; even the so-called exclusive pictures of semi-naked celebrities on a beach in a Sunday newspaper can sometimes be the result of a collusion between the stars publicist and photographer. Nowadays, press agentry model is still very much in use in the 21st Century. It can easily argue that the ethics involved in this model are highly questionable, and the admission from Grunig Hunt that the model has an element of propaganda attached to it does nothing to distil the negative connotations attached to PR as propaganda (Butterick, 2009). However, despite these criticisms, it is ultimately that the curiosity and skepticism of which ensures the press agentry model is still alive and well in the modern day. Although the modern day PR practitioner must be more familiar with the truth, the very foundations of the model still exist whether it be to publicize a sporting event, a theatre production, or the scariest film of the decade, as in the recent movie release Paranormal Activity (2009). We, the public, will either want to believe what we see, or find out for ourselves if our skepticism can be proven correct which is why this model still works for practitioners seeking to g ain the illusive media spotlight and is therefore relevant for the 21st Century. Press agentry is closely associated with publicity in the entertainment world. Press agentry is the practice of attracting the attention of the press through technique that manufactures news. Methods associated with press agentry include staged events, publicity stunts, faux rallies or gatherings, spinning, and hype. A common practice is the late 1800s and early 1900s, press agentry is not part of mainstream public relations. Rather, it is a practice primarily associated with major entertainment-related events, such as Hollywood premieres and boxing matches. The goal of press agentry is to attract attention rather than gain understanding. Even today, however, the term press agent is sometimes used interchangeably with publicist in traditional Broadway theater and motion picture industries. Todays entertainment industries are populated with publicists rather than press agents. Publicists are individuals skilled in media relations who attempt to get the name of their clients or events in the media by carefully constructing messages that inform, educate, and persuade. Some are astute in branding and positioning strategies to aid the careers and success of their clients. In contrast, press agents want attention either good or bad in most any form. Press agentry had been called persuasion for short-term advantage through the use of truth bending and even distortion, but it can also be simply the staging of provocative acts to get publicity and draw attention to an individual, event, or cause. Therefore, it is understandable that one of the earliest proponents of press agentry was Phineas Taylor (P.T) Barnum, the famed American showman and promoter who put gun Gen. Tom Thumb on exhibit and launched a mobile circus featuring Jumbo the elephant and freak shows. Barnum was a master of press agentry. For instance, he wrote letters both praising and criticizing his circus show to newspaper under an assumed name. In the early part of his career, Edward L. Bernays was also a master of press agentry. He persuaded 10 debutantes to hold up Lucky Strike cigarettes manufactured by his client, the American Tobacco Company, as torches of freedom while participating in New Yorks Easter parade. In 1929, Bernays staged a global news event by organizing the Lights Golden Jubilee, a worldwide calebration commemorating the 50th anniversary of the electric light bulb for his client, General Electric. Bernays managed to secure several prominent individuals for that event, including carmaker Henry Ford, electricity scientist Thomas Edison, and President Herbert Hoover. Henry Rogers, one of the founders of Rogers and Cowan, the largest and most successful West Coast entertainment publicity firm, became well known when he promoted an unknown contract player for Columbia Pictures named Rita Hayworth. He contacted Look magazine with a telegram from the Fashion Couturiers Association of America, a fictitious group, claiming that Hayworth was the best-dressed off-screen actress. Look magazine took the bait and put Hayworth on the cover and published 10 pages of her photographs. Characteristic of Press Agentry Press agentry is ink. A sales-driven approach does whatever it takes to get exposure for clients in the media without resorting to paid advertising. Press agentry is not above truth-bending or lying to reach its pragmatic objective. It will make up facts if it needs to do so. It is persuasion for short-term advantage. Press agentry is a long-standing part of PR, and it wont go away. Press agentry has transformed over the decades into ink with ethics, that is getting exposure while maintaining respect for facts, but if all else fails, getting exposure is more important than facts. Press agentry relies on spin. It is interpreting facts to fit ones view and to get media coverage. Christopher Buckleys hilarious novel, Thank You for Smoking lampoons this type of practitioner brilliantly, and post-presidential debate commentary from Democrats and Republicans is a quadrennial example of spinning. Press agentry includes any technique that manufactures news which are publicity stunts, faux surveys, fake committees, constructed events and other tactics practitioners continue to use. Propaganda classified as one of the characteristic of press agentry model (Grunig Hunt, 1984). The term of propaganda in press agentry model, refer to PR practitioner exaggerate and more hype than facts in order to get publicity for their client. They will not care the public feedback and just want the public behave as they want. This model involves a propaganda function (Grunig Hunt, 1984 pp. 21) and academics such as Butterick (2009), Theaker (2004), and Johnston Zawawi (2004) agree that accuracy and credibility are somewhat compromised as the goal of the model is to influence the audience by manufacturing news, be that by way of stunts or explicit publicity seeking. Butterick (2009) states that practitioners who use this model become press agents, utilising a range of PR tools from press releases to publicity stunts which in turn ensures that an audience takes a specific course of action.

The New Frontier Essay -- null

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was one of the most famous and influential presidents in the history of the United States. During his presidency, he attempted to make several reforms, supported by his â€Å"New Frontier† legislature. The goals of the New Frontier were to improve school funding, civil rights, and foreign policy. The New Frontier was to make the American population feel as if no frontier was impossible to achieve, including the controversial final frontier of space. Despite the fact that many of his acts and bills were not passed or supported by Congress, the New Frontier was what led to many of the greatest advancements which helped shape America today. The date was January 20, 1961 when Kennedy first mentioned the New Frontier (Nelson 622). He used it as part of his presidential acceptance speech, along with his natural charisma, to pull in support for his highly progressive approach. The term â€Å"New Frontier† itself was something Kennedy created on his own, a term he believed represented the generation of those willing to make change in their country (O’Donnell 224). The New Frontier, an expansion of the New Deal, urged Americans not to ask how can their country contribute more, but rather how they can contribute to the country. The New Frontier did not promise Americans happier lives instantly, it promised gradual change which could only happen if the people of the United States were willing to accept it. (O’Donnell 224). Though there were many who would not accept it, this included a majority of congress, which was very often split on decisions, but this was mostly due to partisanship, a tendency to agre e with one’s political party at all times (Sorenson 342). A major change that came with the New Frontier was the P... ...8). Kennedy would find it difficult to appeal to both the American public and Congress, a problem that would persist throughout his entire presidency. Despite the numerous flaws in Kennedy’s presidency, it can very easily be looked at as a major success. Kennedy remained confident throughout his entire term believing that change can still occur. Though sadly, it would not be until his assassination in 1963, that people would finally begin to understand what his goals were. People no longer felt ashamed of his failures but felt gratitude for his successes, through the advancements in space technology to the civil rights acts, as well as the Peace Corps. He left behind a legacy that could not be forgotten, and an influence that continues to affect people today. Kennedy and his New Frontier changed more than just a nation, he changed the way people today think.

To Save a Life is not an Option :: Essays Papers

To Save a Life is not an Option As America has progressed through the years, its citizens have grown more and more conscientious about their health and safety, and through science and technology have designed many things to be safer and increase health for little money. Laws have been passed so that health may be maintained and in many cases it is cheaper to live a healthy lifestyle rather than an unhealthy one. Cigarettes put deep holes in pockets, and fines keep people from not wearing their seatbelt, yet despite the low cost of many safety advances made for automobiles, consumers are still forced to pay more for safety features in cars. With the low cost of manufacturing and installing safety features such as anti-lock brakes and side airbags, safety features should no longer be an option on automobiles, but standards. Over 9,000 deaths are caused by side impact passenger vehicle accidents in America every year. (IIHS) Crash tests conducted by the institute have shown great potential for side airbags, especially for protection in smaller vehicles being hit from the side by larger vehicles such as SUVs which are becoming very popular these days. â€Å"Side airbags that include head protection are reducing deaths by about 45 percent among drivers of passenger cars struck on the near (driver) side,† claims the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The effectiveness of head protecting side airbags is a 53% reduction in risk of two-vehicle accidents and an estimated 74% reduction when a smaller vehicle is struck in the side by a larger vehicle. Without side airbags, the is no protection for a passenger’s head from protruding objects such as trees, poles or other vehicles causing far more deaths or permanent injury than if the head were protected. (IIHS) Side airbags are available on 40 percent of 2003 model passenger vehicles, 16 percent on which they are optional. (IIHS) The option of side airbags for different manufacturers varies in cost; for Chevrolet it is a $400 option, for Ford it is a $300 option and for Honda it is a $250 option. Using the Chevrolet Malibu as an example as a side airbag optional vehicle, side crash tests show much better results for the Malibu with side airbags. On a scale of 1-4, 4 being the best, in a side collision test, the Malibu with side airbags received a 3 while the Malibu without side airbags received a 1.

Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Macbeth  Ã‚   Shakespeare had a thorough idea of what his audience wanted. In Macbeth he used violence, sensationalism, and elements of the supernatural to appeal to his audience. Shakespeare knew his audience when he used violence in Macbeth to heighten the effect of the play. One example of the violence is this scene. Lady Macbeth "That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; What hath quenched them hath given me fire. Hark! Peace! It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman, which gives the stern’st good-night. He is about it. The doors are open, and the surfeited grooms do mock their charge with snores. I have drugged their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live or die." Macbeth "Who’s there? What, ho?" Lady Macbeth "Alack, I am afraid they have awaked and ’tis not done! Th’ attempt and not the deed confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; he could not miss ’em. Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t." Macbeth "I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise?" Lady Macbeth "I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?" Macbeth "When?" Lady Macbeth "Now." Macbeth "As I descended?" Lady Macbeth "Ay." Macbeth "Hark! Who lies i’ th’ second chamber?" Lady Macbeth "Donalbain." Macbeth "This is a sorry sight." Lady Macbeth "A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight." Macbeth "There’s one did laugh in sleep, and one cried "Murder!" That they did wake each other. I stood and heard them. But they did say their prayers, and addressed them again to sleep." Here is another example of the violence. Messenger "Bless you, fair dame! I am not to you known though in your state of honor I am not to you known, though in your state of honor I am perfect. I doubt some danger does approach you nearly: if you will take a homely man’s advice, be found here; hence, with your little ones. To fright you thus, methinks I am too savage; to do worse to you were fell cruelty which is too nigh your person. Heaven preserve you! I dare abide no longer." Lady Macduff "Whither should I fly? I have done no harm. But I remember now I am in this earthly world, where to do harm is often laudable, to do good sometime accounted dangerous folly. Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer Violence, Sensationalism, and the Supernatural in Macbeth  Ã‚   Shakespeare had a thorough idea of what his audience wanted. In Macbeth he used violence, sensationalism, and elements of the supernatural to appeal to his audience. Shakespeare knew his audience when he used violence in Macbeth to heighten the effect of the play. One example of the violence is this scene. Lady Macbeth "That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; What hath quenched them hath given me fire. Hark! Peace! It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman, which gives the stern’st good-night. He is about it. The doors are open, and the surfeited grooms do mock their charge with snores. I have drugged their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live or die." Macbeth "Who’s there? What, ho?" Lady Macbeth "Alack, I am afraid they have awaked and ’tis not done! Th’ attempt and not the deed confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; he could not miss ’em. Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t." Macbeth "I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise?" Lady Macbeth "I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Did not you speak?" Macbeth "When?" Lady Macbeth "Now." Macbeth "As I descended?" Lady Macbeth "Ay." Macbeth "Hark! Who lies i’ th’ second chamber?" Lady Macbeth "Donalbain." Macbeth "This is a sorry sight." Lady Macbeth "A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight." Macbeth "There’s one did laugh in sleep, and one cried "Murder!" That they did wake each other. I stood and heard them. But they did say their prayers, and addressed them again to sleep." Here is another example of the violence. Messenger "Bless you, fair dame! I am not to you known though in your state of honor I am not to you known, though in your state of honor I am perfect. I doubt some danger does approach you nearly: if you will take a homely man’s advice, be found here; hence, with your little ones. To fright you thus, methinks I am too savage; to do worse to you were fell cruelty which is too nigh your person. Heaven preserve you! I dare abide no longer." Lady Macduff "Whither should I fly? I have done no harm. But I remember now I am in this earthly world, where to do harm is often laudable, to do good sometime accounted dangerous folly.

Ramayana and Eldest Son Rama

Dasaratha — King of Ayodhya (capital of Kosala), whose eldest son was Rama. Dasaratha had three wives and four sons — Rama, Bharata, and the twins Lakshmana and Satrughna. Rama — Dasaratha's first-born son, and the upholder of Dharma (correct conduct and duty). Rama, along with his wife Sita, have served as role models for thousands of generations in India and elsewhere. Rama is regarded by many Hindus as an incarnation of the god Vishnu. Sita — Rama's wife, the adopted daughter of King Janak. Sita was found in the furrows of a sacred field, and was regarded by the people of Janak's kingdom as a blessed child.Bharata — Rama's brother by Queen Kaikeyi. When Bharata learned of his mother's scheme to banish Rama and place him on the throne, he put Rama's sandals on the throne and ruled Ayodhya in his name. Hanuman — A leader of the monkey tribe allied with Rama against Ravana. Hanuman has many magical powers because his father was the god of the wind. Hanuman's devotion to Rama, and his supernatural feats in the battle to recapture Sita, has made him one of the most popular characters in the Ramayana. Ravana — The 10-headed king of Lanka who abducted Sita. Kaushlaya — Dasaratha's first wife, and the mother of Rama.Lakshmana — Rama's younger brother by Dasaratha's third wife, Sumitra. When Rama and Sita were exiled to the forest, Lakshmana followed in order to serve. Ramayana: A Summary 1. Dasharatha, King of Aydohya, has three wives and four sons. Rama is the eldest. His mother is Kaushalya. Bharata is the son of his second and favorite wife, Queen Kaikeyi. The other two are twins, Lakshman and Shatrughna. Rama and Bharata are blue, perhaps indicating they were dark skinned or originally south Indian deities. 2) A sage takes the boys out to train them in archery.Rama has hit an apple hanging from a string. 3) In a neighboring city the ruler's daughter is named Sita. When it was time for Sita to choose her bridegroom, at a ceremony called a swayamvara, the princes were asked to string a giant bow. No one else can even lift the bow, but as Rama bends it, he not only strings it but breaks it in two. Sita indicates she has chosen Rama as her husband by putting a garland around his neck. The disappointed suitors watch. 4) King Dasharatha, Rama's father, decides it is time to give his throne to his eldest son Rama and retire to the forest to seek moksha.Everyone seems pleased. This plan fulfills the rules of dharma because an eldest son should rule and, if a son can take over one's responsibilities, one's last years may be spent in a search for moksha. In addition, everyone loves Rama. However Rama's step-mother, the king's second wife, is not pleased. She wants her son, Bharata, to rule. Because of an oath Dasharatha had made to her years before, she gets the king to agree to banish Rama for fourteen years and to crown Bharata, even though the king, on bended knee, begs her not to dem and such things.Broken-hearted, the devastated king cannot face Rama with the news and Kaikeyi must tell him. 5) Rama, always obedient, is as content to go into banishment in the forest as to be crowned king. Sita convinces Rama that she belongs at his side and his brother Lakshman also begs to accompany them. Rama, Sita and Lakshman set out for the forest. Bharata, whose mother's evil plot has won him the throne, is very upset when he finds out what has happened. Not for a moment does he consider breaking the rules of dharma and becoming king in Rama's place.He goes to Rama's forest retreat and begs Rama to return and rule, but Rama refuses. â€Å"We must obey father,† Rama says. Bharata then takes Rama's sandals saying, â€Å"I will put these on the throne, and every day I shall place the fruits of my work at the feet on my Lord. † Embracing Rama, he takes the sandals and returns to Aydohya. 6) Years pass and Rama, Sita and Lakshman are very happy in the forest. Rama and Lakshman destroy the rakshasas (evil creatures) who disturb the sages in their meditations. One day a rakshasa princess tries to seduce Rama, and Lakshmana wounds her and drives her away.She returns to her brother Ravana, the ten-headed ruler of Lanka (Sri Lanka, formerly Ceylon), and tells her brother (who has a weakness for beautiful women) about lovely Sita. Ravana devises a plan to abduct Sita. He sends a magical golden deer which Sita desires. Rama and Lakshman go off to hunt the deer, first drawing a protective circle around Sita and warning her she will be safe as long as she does not step outside the circle. As they go off, Ravana (who can change his shape) appears as a holy man begging alms. The moment Sita steps outside the circle to give him food, Ravana grabs her and carries her off the his kingdom in Lanka.7) Rama is broken-hearted when he returns to the empty hut and cannot find Sita. A band of monkeys offer to help him find Sita. Ravana has carried Sita to his pa lace in Lanka, but he cannot force her to be his wife so he puts her in a grove and alternately sweet-talks her and threatens her in an attempt to get her to agree to marry him. Sita will not even look at him but thinks only of her beloved Rama. Hanuman, the general of the monkey band can fly since his father is the wind, and Hanuman flies to Lanka and, finding Sita in the grove, comforts her and tells her Rama will soon come and save her.8) Ravana's men capture Hanuman, and Ravana orders them to wrap Hanuman's tail in cloth and to set it on fire. With his tail burning, Hanuman hops from house-top to house-top, setting Lanka afire. He then flies back to Rama to tell him where Sita is. 9) Rama, Lakshman and the monkey army build a causeway from the tip of India to Lanka and cross over to Lanka. A might battle ensues. Rama kills several of Ravana's brothers and then Rama confronts ten-headed Ravana. (Ravana is known for his wisdom as well as for his weakness for women which may explai n why he is pictured as very brainy.)Rama finally kills Ravana. 10). Rama frees Sita. After Sita proves here purity, they return to Ayodhya and Rama becomes king. His rule, Ram-rajya, is an ideal time when everyone does his or her dharma and â€Å"fathers never have to light the funeral pyres for their sons. † ANALYSIS OF THE STORY HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE This might be my second read of How My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife but this is definitely thefirst I’ve tried to digest the beauty of the prose as an experience in itself.However, unlike more fortunateliterature buffs who have their own copy of How My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife (And Other Stories) , I had to rely on Baul to give me a similar fantastic ride to Nagrebcan, Bauang, La Union. Shame! Manuel Viloriasays the collection was only twenty pesos. The story, like most of Arguilla’s prose, transpires in Barrio Nagrebcan in La Union, the birthplace of Manuel E. Arguilla himself . You ’ll immediately realize how the writer loves his hometown by the vivid imagery and sensuality that he offers on the plate .From the shapes and the sounds to even the scent of the air, Arguilla spares no detail to prove that beauty exists in Nagrebcan. From the title, you can surmise what type of story this is and how it could develop as it goes along. Leonis actually the big brother of the main protagonist, the wielder of the mystic point-of-view, but his wifetakes to him as Noel as the latter coinage is presumably a modern twist of Leon though obviously it is aninversion of the word. Baldo is the little brother and Maria, Baldo taking traditional names into mind ashe hears her name for the first time, is the wife whom Leon/Noel brought back home.Maria is actually city bred and Leon/Noel and Baldo are blatantly townsfolk. There’s the culture clashthat serves to be the conflict, though only between the father and the oblivious Maria. Since Leon/Noel brought Maria to Nag rebcan, it can be presumed that they’ll be staying there. As a precaution, unbeknownst to even Leon/Noel and Baldo , their father have asked the younger son to docertain things out of the norm just to see if the wife can really adjust to her new setting – the barrioand the family. Certain characters, with depth, to note are their sister Aurelia and the bull Labang.What I like about the short story is Arguilla’s character development. They seem to just pop out of thetext, giving the reader an impression that they could have been, and could very well be, real people . Most writers often base their characters on real life acquaintances. Whether Arquilla went deeper or not, he still pulled it off and impressively, if I may be so bold. The ending reflected Baldo’s attraction to Maria or, to be more specific, to the notion of finding hisown wife someday.In its entirety, How My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife  focuses on the aforementioned cultureclash or the setting shift when someone from the barrio or the city is transported to the other. Theconcept is distinctly Filipino but essentially global. People outside of the Metro (Manila,specifically) wish to travel, and to a greater extent, live in the modernist capital because it is widelybelieved that they’ll find greater pleasures and successes there. In other words, it borders on aâ€Å"grass is green† idea or immigration issues. Arguilla makes me want to go visit Nagrebcan and spend one night there.

Five Pillars of Islam Essay

The First Pillar is the believers’ confession of faith, reduced to a few words that every member of the faithful from every continent and background can understand, from the illiterate nomadic herdsman in the deserts of Northern Kenya to the sophisticated trilingual businessman of Paris or Riyadh. The Second Pillar is the central act of righteous in Islam, the very essence of the life of a Muslim. The Third Pillar Islam is a significant presence in one hundred or more countries all around the world, and the majority religion in over forty. There are almost a billion believers. By the year of 2020, if present trends continue, half the world would be Muslim. Islam is an Arabic word meaning submission or commitment to the God. Islam is the humble recognition of the relationship between man and his divine creator and resonates with the familiar words from Judaism and Christianity. The fourth Pillar is the fasting. A Muslim must fast for the month of Ramadan. During the fasting month, one must refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual intercourse from dawn until sunset. The fifth and final Pillar is where a Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Every adult Muslim who is physically and financially able to do so must make this pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime. The history of Islam begins with Muhammad and the Quran. The low level of importance given by Muslims to the events before Muhammad is illustrated by the Arabic term for the preceding century, the Time of Ignorance. Muhammad never claimed to be anything but mortal. For a non-Muslim with no knowledge of Arabic, is an exasperating, punishing read, apparently without order, narrative or conclusion. The magic of classical Arabic, in a modern example, was a strong element in the extraordinary power. In the Commonwealth of Medina, Muhammad was prophet, lawgiver, and prayer leader, commander of the army and head of state. So when he died, leaving only one surviving child, his daughter Fatima, and without providing for a successor or clarifying beyond doubt the method by which successor should be appointed, the ummah fell into dissention. The unity of Islam would never recover from the events that were to follow over the next two decades and no satisfactory answer would ever be found to the question of the legitimacy of subsequent Muslim rulers. There is no mystical ritual in mainstream Islam; there are no human intermediaries of divine interceders between man and God. There are no sacraments to be administered by the ordained few to the supplicant many. If God in the Muslim version forgave Adam for his transgression at the time, then man cannot be inherently evil, or born in original sin. So, like Adam, all men can be forgiven their sins directly by God without the need for intervention by any third party, whether a Redeemer on a cross, a virgin with child, or a priestly delegate operating through the medium of a confession box. The early history of Shia has moulded the character and faith of the sect into a form substantially different from Sunni Islam, even though the two branches both practise the Five Pillas and shares a common belief in the divine nature of the Quran. In order to penetrate the differences between the two, there is a rough parallel to be explored between Shia and Catholicism on the one hand and Sunni and Protestantism on the other. The comparison may be superficial and not always a perfect fit, but for an observer from a post Christian culture, the analysis is revealing nevertheless. Even though America is probably the most religious country in the Western world, with about 85 percent of the population professing belief in a god, religion was not considered a forming part in American culture. Religion in America is considered to be entirely contained within the word freedom the basis of the United States Constitution which does not once mention the word god. Faith for Americans is a free personal choice and therefore, in theory, has no place in the group activities of national politics and culture. Even school prayer is banned by a long-standing Supreme Court interpretation of the Constitution. In practice, of course, US elections are won and lost through religious support, as if the President’s job description included Chaplain-in-Chief. And a low-level battle rages constantly in US courts and legislatures between secularists attempting to uphold the strict separation of church and state, and religious groups intent on government funding for religious schools and faith-based initiatives.

Considering The Present

Getting my first apartment 3. Having my two beautiful daughters 4. Becoming the Head Cake Decorator on my Job 5. Returning to school Each of these experiences has had an amazing impact on my life in one way or another. Graduating from high school was a big deal for me as well as my family. I was the first of my grandmother's grandkids to graduate from high school. After graduating from high school I worked hard and paid to rent my first apartment.Having my own space and becoming independent was something I have always wanted because I had to share everything growing up. I have two beautiful daughters whom have changed my life for the best. Before having the girls I was a party animal. They have slowed me down and made me realize what Is Important in life. I have always liked to design things growing up. Becoming a head cake decorator has allowed me to show my creativity and provide for my family, Last, but not least returning back to school to further my education has been a goal tha t I have always anted to accomplish.Obtaining my degree from Gifford will help me to provide an even better lifestyle for my daughters. When I graduated from high school, I was so proud of myself. I accomplished something that none of my grandmothers grandkids had ever done. Getting my own apartment taught me how to be a strong individual. I worked hard and maintained my own space which some young ladies at the age of 19 couldn't do. Having my kids was the best thing that ever happened to me. It taught me how to love unconditionally and genuinely.I felt great that I had a home of my own to raise them in. Becoming head cake decorator was a goal that I accomplished that was really unexpected. I was the backup cake decorator. When the head decorator took a higher paying Job she nominated me to take her space which was a great accomplishment. Returning back to school has been one of my biggest dreams and I am overwhelmed with happiness on how well I am doing after being out of school fo r over ten years. In my first class I finished with a B I great for and proud to be a student at Gifford university. Considering The Present In childhood and throughout our lives we live, we love, and we learn. These learning experiences can be either positive or negative and they can quickly be forgotten or can stay with us forever. Throughout my lifetime I have gone through my fair share of both positive and negative experiences. It is through these experiences that I have become the woman I am today. Two of these positive experiences that I have gone through in the course of my life that have played the largest part in the woman I am today are; the birth of my first son and getting clean and sober.Both of these experiences came with a variety of mixed emotions in the beginning but in the end were very rewarding. I can still remember the day the doctors told me I was pregnant. That immediate sense of fear swallowed me whole and time seemed to stand still. It was not until a couple of months later that I realized there was no changing the situation and that I needed to make the very best of it. Finding out I was pregnant started out as a very scary experience but ultimately was one of the most positive and rewarding experiences I have ever endured.After the fear settled a little bit I was able to really start thinking about my life and what I needed to change. Up until that day at the doctors I was living day by day doing what I needed to do for me and no one else. I had no job, I was living with my parents and my only source of excitement came from the local bar rooms late at night. I knew things needed to change and I set out on a mission to make that change happen. Alone and afraid I was able to swallow my pride and ask my family for help and the guidance to get my life back on track before this baby entered our world.All through my pregnancy I knew I loved my unborn son more than I have ever loved anything in this world. I knew that my life was no longer mine rather it was my son and I’s and that I needed to be the very best parent I could be. Although I was not able to find a real job I was babysitting for other family members and earning my own money. I was able to buy almost everything that was needed for my unborn son all on my own. Two months before I was due to give birth I finally got my own apartment. I was starting to feel like my own person and I was not so scared anymore.Kaidon Douglas Bishop entered this world on July 26th, 2005. It is a day that I will never forget. That immediate feeling of unconditional love overwhelmed me. This little boy had changed my life forever and for the first time in my life I felt like I did something right and I had a reason to live the right way. I chose this experience to discuss first because I believe it has had the most profound impact on my life and the person I am today. Finding out I was pregnant was a huge eye opener and motivator.There has been no other experience in my life that has made me as happy and satisfied as this one. The second experience I have chosen to discuss is my journey through addiction and into sobriety. This is yet another experience that has had a lasting impression on my life. At about the age of 16 I went through some very hard times and rather than deal with all the feelings and emotions that came with those difficulties I turned to drugs to bury those feelings. Things quickly escalated and in only a few short months my life was turned completely upside down.My drug addiction was the only thing in my life that mattered and I did not care about anything except my next high and where it was coming from. The ages of 16 through 21 were by far the worst years of my life. My addiction to opiates was running my life. Throughout the five years of my addiction I did several stints in and out of County jails, State prisons and rehabs. When I was not in one of those places I was homeless, bouncing around from drug house to drug house when I could and sleeping on the streets when I had no other option.My final rock bottom was when my own family had completely shut me out of thei r lives. It was at this point I knew that something had to change and I needed to get help. I had nothing and nobody and it was a very lonely time for me. I began making phone calls to substance abuse programs all over New York State hoping and praying that somebody would want to help. I was finally accepted into a suboxone program for opiate addiction and once again had someone on my side. Slowly I was able to completely get off from the heroin and pain killers and regain some sense of control.I understand that this sounds like a very negative experience but I have chosen it as one of the more significant experiences in my life because the outcome was so positive and rewarding and to this day affects my everyday life and decisions. Once I was clean and my family saw my progress I was accepted back in to open arms and a boat load of support. I doubt highly I would have ever been able to beat this addiction and get my life back without the help of my family. This experience not only taught me t he value of family but that persistence and working hard to get something you really want does pay off.

Conflict Process Analysis

My thesis is a story of a dispute about a mobile phone and phone expenses between Telecommunication (a Chinese mobile telephone operation company) and me. I will use some organizational conflict theories, several types of conflicts and methods to handle with them to finish my dissertation. Telecommunication offered considerable discounts, while the rules were harsh. Staffs did not know the specific regulations, and I lost the best opportunity to undo the damage. The conflict occurred because of those things.Finally we overcame these obstacles with a good alternative. Handing with mobile phone affairs is close to our daily life. Moreover, it includes interest between the customer, Telecommunication and its staffs. My counterparts and I were strangers originally. Then we became game rivals through the event, and after that we became friends. Describe the situation of this dispute, the analysis of the situation and evaluations for Telecommunications are integral to my paper. Description of the Situation The owner of a branch of B & you, Flavor, two staffs, Julie and Sophie were involved in the conflict.Flavor is the boss of Julie and Sophie, and I was their customer. In August 2010, I got an admission to the university. Meanwhile, I received two discount coupons from Telecommunication (for you easy to understand, I use the B &you replacing the Telecommunication, and Flake and Julie replacing the owner's and the staffs original names). At the end of August, I went to university and went to B , planning to use the two discount coupons. One of them is for a new smart phone with which I can use it as 1700 RMI cash, and another one is for phone expenses with which I can use it as RHOMB.Julie, as a staff off branch of B (as most of TTS colleagues, she has a high quit rate because of low salary), told me that, with the voucher 1700 RMI, I could only pay 800 RMI and got a brand new Samsung phone whose price Is RHOMB. In addition, the voucher RHOMB can be sent to my phone account Into 24 months, 37. 5 RMI per month. This means that If I choose 68 ARM'S package (including mobile phone calls, text messaging, Internet), I can only pay 68 mines 37. Arm's part, which is 30. 5 RMI. Meanwhile, the contracts of the smart phone and the package were for two years.I had four years of college life. Obviously, this combination was very worthwhile. I signed a contract, paid REARMS in cash, got the phone. In the end of August, I had missed a strange call, and I did not put that In mind. On September 2nd, Julie called me to Inform me to go to B with my mobile phone. Intuition told me that something wrong happened, so I came to B with my phone and the contract. Julie told me B requested the customers to buy a mobile with the voucher in your hometown-City Changes, and to use the phone expenses voucher in your university city- Nanjing.I didn't meet the requests simultaneously, so I have to give up one discount. Due to the mobile phone cannot to e back, so I have to pay the whole package fee 68 RMI without any discount. That telecommunication company. And the regulation was too sudden for me to accept it. There was no such rule cited on our contract. Because it involves the interests of the owner of B &you branch, Flavor, she also came forward. She gave rise to the conflict. I asked to cancel the contract, however, Julie explained it was impossible. Because all the data about me has been uploaded to corporation, and the contract has been activated.She added that on the last day of August, she tried to inform about it and anted to ask me if I accept it or not, but the call was not connected. We cannot comprise with each other. Flavor insisted the contract can not be cancelled. If it was cancelled, she had to compensate for this phone (this phone belonged to B &you company). At the same time, I cannot accept the full price of the bill. For a student, 68 RMI per month was expensive. And B &you are not the most popular mobile companies. My friends tend to use Orange, whose services are better.If there had not been two vouchers, I would have not considered to use B &you. From my point of view, there are three reasons contributed to the conflict. The rules of you were harsh. Staffs do not know the specific regulations. And I lost the best opportunity to undo the damage. Julie would view the event as a big mistake, complaining about the complex rules of company. Flavor would regard the conflict as a loss in business. Apparently, the main issue was that we should we cancel the contract which the company added some rules in or not. Who should be the compromiser?The situation was deadlocked. Clerk Julie distressed. She did several things wrong. Firstly, she was not familiar with the company policy, not following the company's rules. Secondly, she id not contact me successfully at the critical moment when we can limit the damage. 1700 Arm's damage was almost half a month of her salary. I could see that she wanted to escape from the situation. Flavor did not understand the actual regulations, and she asked me blindly to compromise to reduce her loss, regardless of our contract. My feelings were angry and frustrated.At that time, another staff Sophie came over. She came up with a solution. She provided a very favorable B &you card, only 20 RMI per month, including telephone calls, text messaging, Internet. If I use this card, I still continue to use the B &you hone and SIMI card, and reach a two-year contract period. Meanwhile, owner Flavor losses can be minimized, because I follow the regulations, I only use the phone vouchers and do not cancel the contract. We have come to an agreement. After several hours' debate, we agreed with Sophie's proposal to resolve the conflict.Flavor, Julie, Sophie and I became friend from then on. We chat happily when I go to B &you branch for doing cellophane's affairs. I was lack of experience at that time, but I should say to myself for sticking to it and not compromising easily Just because the rival was a competitor. Analyzing the situation Obviously, the whole matter was an organizational conflict rather than an interpersonal conflict , as it focused on the matter itself than the relationships between the staffs and me. When Sophie supplied her free phone card, the entire conflict entered a controlled phase.If we did not enter the controlled phase, we would fail to reach any consensus. The owner may be forced to take the phone out of me, and my friend and I may be fight for it. Flavor has run a B shop at my university for almost five years, enjoying a certain reputation. She cannot make things wrong as a businesswoman, continuously asked us to comprise. , as a student, would not be allowed to use violence to resolve this conflict. The relationship between the owner and the customer restricted the conflict, and a good proposal ended the dispute. We all wanted to solve this conflict, because we were all stakeholders.In fact, there is no right or wrong in this conflict, and it is B complicated rules that resulted to the conflict. Flavor, Julie and I wanted to minimize our own losses. Flavor did not understand the actual regulations, and she asked me blindly compromise to reduce her loss, and regardless of our contract expressly provided. Apparently, she an be defined to be a competitive negotiator. Flavor only believed in something specific and credible, for instance, her less cost about the phone. So she adopted Sophie' proposal, it cost her little. Obviously, Julies response to the dispute can be defined as an avoiding approach.The avoiding approach (uncooperative, unassertive) neglects the interests of both parties by sidestepping the conflict or postponing a solutions. She was under great pressure. When conflict happened. Her body appeared compressive reaction, accelerating the secretion of adrenaline, showing rapid breath and a flushed face. She had a tendency to break down. Such reactions were bound to damage her health. When conflict was resolved, we were very satisfied. Apparently, Flavor, Julie and I will be the first three persons who observed the conflict resolved.At the time, the other staffs would notice that. This matter would bring to our friends and family later. In this conflict, no one will benefit from our conflict unresolved, so no one would want to keep the conflict. Finally, our outcomes were good. We did not lose a cellophane or paying high-priced charges. We minimized our lost and maintained a very good staff-customers relationship. Julie embedded this fault and spent more time in learning company's rules. Wrong interpretation of company policy caused this conflict between shopkeepers and the customer. Roles determine the ideas and behavior.We all tend to meet our own personal goals, as an assertiveness rather than cooperativeness when faced with the conflict. There is some potential opposition between us. They are businesswomen, paying attention to their profits and reputation, and I am a student, trying to get more discount. When conflict happened, we tend to a win- lose situation. Sophie was a mediator. Bonuses for collaboration reduced the conflicts. With her help, the estimation became an integrative bargaining rather than a distributive bargaining. We accepted the new proposal and created a win-win situation.It seems that providing a less expensive SIMI card was the best alternative to a negotiated agreement. To be honest, without the help of Sophie, I had no better way to resolve this matter. Such weakness will only make the problem deadlocked. Maybe I will consult the teacher or my parents to see if they have any good way. Recommendations The conflict was all about an up-to-dated contract should be canceled or not, including the shopkeeper Flavor, the staff Julie and the customer me' s interests. We signed a contract about two discount coupons at first. Then B & you added some harsh rules about it.