Response to the Summary Article entitled Nurturing Giftedness in Young Assignment

Response to the Summary Article entitled Nurturing Giftedness in Young Children and Preschoolers Too Young for Gifted Programs - Assignment Example Yes, I agree that developments among children are varied and different. Yes, I also agree that other children are fast learners while others are not. I could quote every line in Roedell’s article and say, â€Å"Yes, I agree with all of my heart.† It seems to me that Roedell merely states the facts but fails to offer any critical analysis. If Roedell made a critical analysis concerning what it means, or what are the ways, to treat a child as an individual, then Roedell could begin from there in offering a fresh perspective. Response to the Summary Article entitled â€Å"Are Preschoolers Too Young for Gifted Programs?† I agree that all G/T programs offered in schools for gifted children should be promoted and fostered. However, I think that the child’s age before enrolling him or her into a G/T program should be a special concern for parents and the academe. An age of three, I believe, is not a good measure for allowing, or worst forcing, gifted children to study in a G/T program. That’s a very young age for a young child, gifted or not, to go to school. A gifted child needs more than just intellectual stuff. He or she needs, among others, a social, physically-active, and emotional life. It also interests me why few schools offer G/T program to affluent urban families. It implies, at least to my understanding, that G/T program is a money-making business for the learning institution. Moreover, it fascinates me why parents enroll their children in G/T program. It sounds like they are doing it for the sake of prestige – namely, that their child is a â€Å"smart† kid. My Answer to Question Number One. I think that tiered instruction is better than the traditional way of teaching. Tiered instruction is premised on the idea that individuals have different levels of learning ability and therefore requires diverse teaching strategies. Different students are taught differently.

Interaction of Ethnic, National or Cultural Influences Essay Example for Free

Interaction of Ethnic, National or Cultural Influences Essay All around the world people are organised in societies differentiated ethnically, nationally and culturally. In our mind under the interethnic relations are traditionally understood subjectively experienced relations between people of different nationalities, between ethnic communities, which are manifested in attitudes and orientations of interethnic contacts in various areas of cooperation, national stereotypes, attitudes and behavior, and the actions of people of specific ethnic communities. It is in this area in the first place are projected economic, social and political issues. They acquire an ethnic form and deliver a lot of trouble to society, leading to inter-ethnic tensions, local ethnic conflicts, the growth of ethnic migrations. Ethnic tensions, the state of hostility, distrust, mutual complaints and dissatisfaction arises or may arise from time to time between any nations that are permanently or temporarily in contact with each other. Ethnic tensions depend on several factors: 1) The history of international relations, the historical memory of the nature of relations between the peoples at different stages (often these relationships take the form of ongoing ethnic tension); 2) the level of economic development of the parties, among representatives of different nations’ place in the system of production and property (industrial specialization, predominance of members of certain nationalities in professional and social groups, the dominance of different forms of ownership, quality of life, etc.); 3) the structure of the cultural development of the nation the predominance of rural or urban population, the level of education and professional qualifications. There are allocated the following phenomena and processes that significantly affect the formation and strengthening of interethnic tension: 1) the lack of a consistent policy of condemnation and suppression of national manifestations of violence; 2) the possibility of negative attitudes towards representatives of the people associated in the eyes of other nations with the administrative-command apparatus; 3) the position of people who have been persecuted and mass deported during the repression, particularly those that have not been returned to their places of origin; 4) a sense of national enmity against those nationalities that, in terms of population in many regions, live better than we do. These representations are caused by a variety of reasons, including the identification of the people with the most frequently identified by its representatives. According to M. Walzer, positive ethnic identity is a balance of tolerance for their own and other ethnic groups, which allows us to consider it, on the one hand, as a condition of an independent and stable existence of an ethnic group, on the other as a condition of peaceful intercultural multi-ethnic world, interactions, excluding ethnic phobias and confrontation. According to N. M. Lebedeva on ethnic tolerance, defined as the adoption of ethno-cultural differences, and the exclusion of ethnophobia and ethnic confrontations have effects such socio-psychological factors as: 1) the degree of ethnic and cultural competence; 2) psychological readiness for intercultural dialogue; 3) The experience and skills of intercultural understanding and cooperation. All these parameters are amenable to the formation and development and in need of professional development by education and socio-psychological training of intercultural interaction. Violation of a positive image of their own group tends to reduce ethnic tolerance (YA Gayurova, TG Stefanenko, AN Tatarko, FM Malhozova). 9/11 After Twins being attacked Americans stopped helping Irish Republican Army (IRA Nationalist violent group in Northenr Ireland) when they understood what the terrorism is and what the causes and result are. After the terrorist attacks marked a surge of crimes against people from the Middle East, and other people who looked similar. Suffered even some Sikhs who wear turbans, traditionally associated with Muslims. Reported insults,attacks on mosques and other religious buildings (including the burning of a Hindu temple), and attacks on people, including one murder, September 15, was mortally wounded by Balbir Singh Sodhi, a Sikh who was mistaken for a Muslim. [130] Rating of President Bush after the attacks rose to 86%. [131] September 20, 2001 the President spoke to the nation and a joint session of Congress, regarding the events of 11 September, following the rescue and recovery operations, as well as the response of the U. S. governments intentions. In addition, the important role played by New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who deserved the appreciation of the public, both in New York and at the national level. Deportations 1941 in USSR. After the publication of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On the resettlement of Germans living in the Volga region of 28 August 1941 has been eliminated Autonomous Republic of the Volga Germans and produced total deportation of Germans from ASSR. For this purpose, in advance on the territory of the Autonomous Republic of NP were introduced NKVD troops. Germans were ordered within 24 hours to prepare for resettlement and a limited number of its assets to arrive at the collection points. German inhabitants of the republic were taken to remote areas of Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. According to this decree in September and October 1941 were deported 446,480 Soviet Germans (according to other sources 438 280). In September 1941, many military service persons of German nationality were sent from the front to the rear. In subsequent months, the deportation has touched almost the entire German population living in European Russia and the Caucasus that were not occupied by the Wehrmacht. The resettlement of Germans made gradually and was completed by May 1942. Totally during the war were moved up to 950 thousand Germans. 367,000 Germans were deported to the east: the republic of Komi, in the Urals, Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Altai. Babi Yar Estimate between 100 and 150 thousands jewish people were killed during WW 2 in Babi yar. There were a lot of interactions in different influences during many different events and specific situation that caused a lot of deaths of innocent people. Sometimes many cultures, nations and ethnoses are discriminated or even eliminated because of misunderstanding. It will happen untill people do not understand that there are more other non-violent ways of solving problems.

Aluminium Heat Capacities

Aluminium Heat Capacities Aim The aim of the experiment was to determine the specific heat capacities, with uncertainties, of two different materials; for the purposes of this experiment, it was chosen to be aluminium Introduction Specific heat capacity is defined as the quantity of heat energy, which will raise the temperature of unit mass (1kg) of a substance by 1K. It is usually denoted by c and expressed in J/(kg.K). (Joule per kilogram Kelvin). So, what is the relationship between heat and temperature? It is usually expressed ΆQ = m c ΆT Heat energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change, (c) being the specific heat capacity. The relationship will not happen if there is a phase change due to heat either being added or removed, does not change the temperature ΆQ to the change of temperature ΆT is given by: ΆQ = m c ΆT Where ΆQ = the change in heat energy. is the enthalpy, m = the mass c = specific heat capacity ΆT = the change of temperature. Unit: Jkg-1K-1. High specific capacities occur in substance that take a lot of heat energy and therefore have a long time to heat or cool down. The specific heat capacity of the sea is much greater than the land, so therefore more heat energy will be needed to heat it up by the same amount as the land. From the relationship: mass x specific thermal capacity x temperature / time = current (amps) x p.d. (volts) .The ratio temperature rise or time can be gotten from the graph slope of temperature which was plotted against time and this is how thermal capacity can be met. Hypothesis Can the chosen method of investigation produce a reliable value for the specific heat capacity of a metal block? Method Apparatus: Calibrated thermometer power pack, Stop clock, Voltmeter Leads, Balance (up to 1kg), Ammeter, Immersion heater Test metals Heat proof matt and lagging The immersion heater was connected to the power pack, which was set to 10V. The voltmeter and ammeter were set up so that they measured the potential difference and current going through the heater. Next the mass of the sample was recorded using the balance and the immersion heater was placed in the test sample, followed by the thermometer and an initial temperature reading. Simultaneously the power pack was turned on and the stop clock started, and the heater was left to run for two minutes prior to the first recording. Recordings were taken from the voltmeter and ammeter every minute for a total of 15 intervals. The collected data was gathered into a table with the following headings: Following this the data was used to produce a graph of energy against temperature difference, from which the specific heat capacity can be determined. Original mass: 987.8g x-axis Original temperature, T1: 20oC Y-axis Temperature, T2 Temperature change, T2-T1 Voltmeter, V Ammeter, A Time, s Energy, J 26 6 11.16 4.15 120 5557.68 27 7 11.18 4.12 180 8291.09 30 10 11.17 4.16 240 11152.13 33.5 13.5 11,16 4.15 300 13894.20 37 17 11.13 4.18 360 16748.42 40 20 11.13 4.19 420 19586.57 43 23 11.14 4.20 480 22458.24 46.5 26.5 11.13 4.22 540 25363.04 49.5 29.5 11.15 4.21 600 28164.90 52.5 32.5 11.15 4.21 660 30981.39 55.5 35.5 11.13 4.23 720 33897.53 58.5 38.5 11.12 4.23 780 36689.33 62 42 11.13 4.23 840 39547.12 64.5 44.5 11.12 4.24 900 42433.92 67.5 47.5 11.11 4.22 960 45008.83 70.5 50.5 11.11 4.24 1020 48048.53 Results Table 1: See graph 3 for a plot of Energy, Q against the temperature difference, T. From this graph the gradient will be determined and the specific heat capacity for the metal found. Gradient of graph 3: units: units: Specific heat capacity of the metal: units: units: Conclusion The hypothesis of Can the chosen method of investigation produce a reliable value for the specific heat capacity of a metal block? has been met ,more will be said and evaluated below. Evaluation   Ã‚   Accuracy can be improved by the method of conducting several iterations of the experiment to gather enough information to produce a mean value for the specific heat capacity. Furthermore, the temperature was recorded using a liquid in glass thermometer with an accuracy of +/- 0.5 this lead to percentage errors in the temperature readings ranging from 2.5%- from In order to reduce these errors future experiments will be carried out using more accurate thermometer.   

Body Piercing: Reclamation, Enhancement, And Self-Expression Essay exam

In America the practice of body piercing is everywhere, especially among young people, who are getting several parts of their bodies pierced either as an affirmation of their personal individuality, as a means of sexual gratification or stimulation, a reclamation of their bodies from physical or emotional trauma, or for as a means of adornment. Whatever the reason, it's widespread. Body piercing is the piercing of the ears, nose, septum, cheeks, lip, tongue, nipples, navel, clitoris, labia, penis, and scrotum. Says California State University anthropologist James Myers, Ph.D. body piercing is "possibly as old as genus Homo." (Todd, Richard, p.1) Body piercing studios are popping up all over the country in a response to the growing demand for having a needle poked through your skin. Contrary to popular belief, body piercing is not being performed by freakish subculture deviants. In order to be a reputable piercer one has to take a rigorous course of education in the principals and met hods of body piercing. This is a step toward the acceptance of body piercing in mainstream America, where it is still viewed with mistrust by many. Body piercing allows a person to express their individuality in a new way: by putting a needle through yourself, you mark your body as your own (Delaney, Jim, p.3). By exploring some of the motivations behind body piercing, onediscovers that it's not an unhealthy practice (unless performed in an unsterile environment or the piercing is not adequately cared for by the piercee- both of which are heavily discouraged by piercing advocates). Indeed, body piercing is a healthy way to express your individuality or improve your self image. In the nineties, more and more young people are sporting rings through various parts of their bodies. This is known as body piercing, and it has made a considerable imprint on young people. Body piercing is the practice of piercing the ears, eyebrows, tongue, nose, septum, lip, cheek, nipples, navel or genitals for varied reasons. It's becoming more and more common: Body piercing shops are cropping up all over the country and business is booming. Says piercer Kent Fazekas, who owns Indianapolis-based Body Accents Inc, " ...I think it's here to stay." (Eckert, Toby, 1) The practice of body piercing among young Americans is part of a quest for individuality. Brooklyn body piercing studio Modern Americ... ...gn statement of who these people are and what they believe in. All too often it is ignorance that leads people to spurn body piercing. By educating yourself on the subject it becomes plain to see that body piercing is a powerful tool for self-expression and emotional security. By going through the pain of the piercing, the emotionally insecure regains a feeling of control. Works Cited 1. Trebay, Guy. "Hole in one" The Village Voice July 7, 1995: p.18 2. Eckert, Toby. "Body Accents Pierces Traditional Business Image with Wares to Wear" Indianapolis Business Journal March 3, 1997: p.45 3. Leo, Jon. "The Modern Primitives" US. News and World Report July 31, 1995: p.16 4. Wattenberg, Daniel. "A Parents' Guide to Body Piercing" Forbes September 23, 1996: pp. 166-173 5. Howard, Dylan. "Holier than Thou" The Yale Daily News November 10, 1995: p.3 6. Todd, Richard. "Look What They've Done to my Bod, Ma" Psychology Today May/June 1993: p.8 7. Delaney, Jim. "Piercing for Beginners" Prime Magazine September 26, 1995: pp. 19-23 8. Alexander, Keith. "About Body Piercing." Body Modification Ezine 3pp. World Wide Web http://www.bme.freeQ.com June 1997

Battle of Leyte Gulf

The thesis of this essay is to find out the important decisions, planning and action taken by the American and Japanese forces during Leyte Gulf operations, which was a major event of the Battle in World War II. The important events will be depicted in the light of the Major strategic plan adopted for better use of the strengths of the forces by competent authority of both side of America and Japan.The cause of the battle and a brief history to commence major events like destruction of Pearl Harbor by Japan’s air forces, the loss of fate of Bataan Peninsula, the role of Philippines, their degrade of faith from Japanese due to defeat, etc.Will be estimated directly when considering the major achievements of General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz during effecting of the Leyte Gulf operation The essay In the greatest history of mankind, the World War II has topmost disgrace in terms of violence and the conflicts of the armed forces, where numerous innocent persons had to lose their life due to the global political strategic plan for the preparation of military strength to show their power as fascism.The operational decisions, mainly of America and Japan, were such a thoughtful act to acquire the power on each other that can be remembered throughout the history of mankind if any such things happen in future. Among various operations happened in this World War II, the operation of Leyte was very much important as any battle that occurred in Pacific war. Japanese had not stopped even after destroying the Battle Fleet of Pearl Harbor and in December 1941, their forces continued their attack on the Philippines.Bataan Peninsula was knocked down in April 1942, and in May 1942 General Wainwright along with remaining US forces and Filipino forces were bound to lay down their arms at Corregidor. After two and half year of descends of Bataan, allied forces commenced the recapturing of the Philippines with most important corridors on Leyte. The consequence and effect of this war was mainly dependent on destiny of the Philippines and the outlook itinerary of the war in opposition to Japan.Leyte, situated in the middle of the archipelago, was the central point, so the forces of Southwest Pacific controlled by General MacArthur and the forces of Central Pacific lead by Admiral Nimitz converge here to extort the Philippines from the seize of the rivals. General MacArthur had advantage of Leyte due to its reachable distance to other islands for the strike either by ground or air forces. Leyte was place were Japan would be forced to surrender in central Philippines providing launch pad for final attack against Japan.General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz were dedicated to make use of the utmost resources at their authority (Reports of General MacArthur, 197-200). It was obvious that Japan would put its best effort with all its strength up to the eleventh hours to set aside the Philippines. But Japan was continuously facing difficulties to keep hold in the battle and before reaching the end of the year 1944, the situation of this nation was very much dangerous and frantic. Almost all the allies had contracted their hand from external fringe of her defense system.According to Reports of General MacArthur (197-200), â€Å"They were now poised with their full power at the very threshold of her inner structure and if they should break through, the Homeland itself would stand dangerously exposed-an inviting target for the next invasion†. Due to behavior of the allies and the inferior qualities of the forces of Japan in comparison to America, the war had reached to a decisive stage and only one defeat of Japan would lose all the glory of empire of the century.The inhabitant of Philippines had only one chance to offer to Japan for saving from the forces of General MacArthur. Undoubtedly the Japanese forces came with all its strength and efforts to face the invasion of America. Japanese were aware with the fact that if the Philippines were defeated then there were no any chances to be in the war and the war was also lost consequently. Henceforth, they prepare a destructive plan risking their left behind surface forces offering Philippines a distant possibility of demolishing the American assault fleet and separating the Allied forces on ground on Leyte.This plan was mainly reliant on the use of decoy force, which was already, tried early as operational plan by Japan. Now Japanese carriers were prepared fully except it had no trained-aircrew, so the ships were chosen for playing the most important role of decoy. Vice Admiral Ozawa arranged four aircraft carriers together with other twelve ships from the North and siphon off the major American force. At the same time two more commanding battleship forces would infiltrate the Central Philippines and then congregate on the assault ship in Leyte Gulf.In the consequence of the combat against the Americans for the Philippines, the Japanese had to invest a great deal in terms of battle force, finance and dignity in Leyte only to lose. In this campaign they had to sacrifice four divisions and many distinct combat units. The naval force had also to lose major warships nearly twenty-six full-fledged units along with forty-six great transportation and merchantmen. The land-based air capabilities were also diminished by nearly fifty percent and Japanese had to rely on only kamikaze pilots who act was totally suicidal. But America had to face mixed result due to this campaign.As the duration for this battle was not expected to be such long, so the island become difficult for the base of the army. Other set back like quite a lot of intelligence failures including the failure of MacArthur's headquarters failure to discriminate Japanese purpose to fight a crucial battle on Leyte, made the battle unexpectedly long. This causes less air force and naval force to cover the battle troop and they could not prevent additional enemy troops to arrive at the position . This was a major drawback in planning and strategy of the battle by the American side.The valor shown by a Japanese soldier with full dedication in defensive war methods to use the difficult terrain for his own advantages and his commanders willing to sacrifice their life, cause difficulty in fighting any decisive war. When Admiral Halsey took the bait on 24th October in the afternoon, one of his search planes marked the Japanese Northern Force decoy convoy which were carrying four carriers faraway to the north of Leyte. Taking the attention toward this happening, Admiral Halsey commanded his whole third fleet into chase, he left Leyte Gulf in total exposure as Japanese had expected.By the next morning a heavy battle was fought at Cape Engano where Japanese Northern Force were lost to Halsey carrier planes of third engagement which also included battleships' guns. To fight the main combat, Halsey had to return at Cape Engano leaving that battle. In The Battle of the Surigao Strait , the Japanese Center Force along with Southern Force, had survived the air combat in the night of 24th and 25th of October and motivated on their divided paths in the direction of Leyte Gulf and MacArthur's conveys and escort carriers. In The Battle of Samar Island, Kurita's Center Force, including the super battleships viz.Yamato and Musashi, fruitfully stirred through the constricted San Bernardino Strait, after that south down the east coast of Samar Island, situated northeast of Leyte, in the range of the Seventh Fleet's softly targeted by dawn on 25th October 1944. In the Battle off Samar, the Japanese were conflicting by slighter, frivolously armored ships, which in principle had no counterpart for heavyweights of Kurita. The commander of Japanese Center Force, Kurita by mistake understood that he was betrothed with America’s Third Fleet carriers.Sprague took benefit of smoke screens and a rainsquall to decrease the visibility of Japanese and accuracy of fire. All the engagement together were known as the Battle of Leyte constituting the biggest naval battle at the time of World War II in the Pacific. This may be regarded as the largest in any history till date. The Japanese had to lose more than twenty-six vessels of warships. On the other hand America lost only six battleships including five at the Battle of Samar, in this operations.References: Reports of General MacArthur (197-200). â€Å"CHAPTER VIII, THE LEYTE OPERATION. THE CAMPAIGNS OF MACARTHUR IN THE PACIFIC VOLUME I†.August 2, 2009. http://www. history. army. mil/books/wwii/macarthur%20reports/macarthur%20v1/ch08. htm Morison, Samuel Eliot. â€Å"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II† Volume XII â€Å"Leyte† . (Little, Brown & Co. , Boston 1963) Fuller, Major-General J. F. C.. â€Å"Decisive Battles of the Western World† – Volume 3 (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London 1956) Woodward, C. Vann. â€Å"The Battle for Leyte Gulf† (Macm illan & Co. , New York 1947) Clancey, Patrick.. â€Å"Leyte-The U. S. Army Campaigns of World War II†. HyperWar Foundation. August 2, 2009. http://www. ibiblio. org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-Leyte/index. html

Technology and Society essays

Technology and Society essays Technology affects the way individuals communicate, learn, and think. It helps define society and determines how one interacts with others on a daily basis. Technology has both positive and negative affects on society including the possible improvement or declination of society. Society is defined as, the sum of social relationships among human beings and technology is defined as, the body of knowledge available to a civilization that is of use in fashioning implements, practicing manual arts and skills, and extracting or collecting materials. Technology shapes our society and has both positive and negative affects. One aspect of technology that has had great impact upon society is mechanical inventions. Before machines were invented everything had to be handmade. For example, before automobiles were invented many citizens means of transportation was the wagon. While the automobile industry did eliminate the need for individuals whose occupation was making wagons, it also created numerous job opportunities including work in factories and on assembly lines. The obvious positive affect of such a change was the efficiency such inventions created in the lives of everyday citizens. However, as is the case with any change, society had to reevaluate the traditions that had for so long been in place, creating a sense of tension and unrest for those not ready for the change. This is only one example of how technology has affected society both positively and negatively. Technology has made huge advancements in the way that we communicate with others. Phones, e-mails, instant messenger, and the Internet are all a part of the technology todays citizens take for granted. However, with these new and improved forms of communication and information accessing comes unforeseen problems and glitches. The Internet, while making all information only a click away, has also had negativ ...

Strength of Oedipus Character

Strength of Oedipus Character Introduction Oedipus can be described as a Greek mythical personality in the Greek culture. He is described as a person who came to fulfill a certain prophecy. The prophecy itself involves this third king of Thebes killing his biological father. Later on, he unknowingly marries his biological mother.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strength of Oedipus Character specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All of this began with a prophesized oracle after the birth of Oedipus. Therefore, Laius orders his death to avert this prophesies. Unfortunately, while he was left out there in the wilderness to die, a shepherd picks him up and hands him over to a friend. Through the shepherd’s friend, he ends up in Corinth in the Kings house. The King and Queen take him as their own son. They see him as a blessing as they did not have a child. Initially, Oedipus was not aware of the fact that the King and Queen were not his true parent s. Therefore, when one day a drunk mentioned that he was adopted, it troubled him. He became even more troubled on visiting several oracles. Even though the oracles told him the truth, it was more troubling because at that time, he could not make sense of it all. One day, while Oedipus was on his way, he had a dispute with the King of Thebes and unknown to him he killed him after having the argument. He did not even know that he was the king of Thebes when he was killing him. Later on in the town of Thebes, his wits enabled him to answer a riddle and thus saved the people of Thebes. He thus went on to fulfill the prophecy by marrying King Laius’s widow. However, when mother and child came to learn later on their true relation to each other, the mother decided to commit suicide. Oedipus on the other hand decide to blind himself. Strength of character by Oedipus Oedipus has an outstanding central strength. This strength is his curiosity or in other words his truth seeking zeal. This strength can be termed as being part of him. This is first witnessed after he gets a tip of his true Identify. Since he wanted to really know the truth behind it all, he is seen visiting various oracles just to find out the truth. Even though it took quite a while for him to know the truth about his parents, he finally did find out the truth, though a bit late. His truth seeking nature can also be thanked for enabling him to earn the throne of Thebes. This riddle of Sphinx enables him become a ruler and gets a ready wife.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The truth seeking nature of Oedipus can almost be described as being hard-coded in him. This is evident as he ignored all warnings to keep away from the truth. An example is a warning by the prophet who was blind, i.e. Tiresias. Terisias points out to him â€Å"You don’t’ want to know the trut h† It is in fact disappointing to him when he finally learns the truth. In fact it is the truth itself that brings Oedipus down and not even his defiance of the gods. The desire to know the truth thus forms the strongest motivating factor in Oedipus. His period of reigning as king comes down to being characterized as a truth seeking mission. It is no wonder that despite the big title that he held, his life had many uncertainties that formed a riddle around him (Simon, 201). It can be put down that in the whole play; the truth is vividly guarded from Oedipus. When it however finally dawns to him, the same truth shocks him. He however embraces this truth with open arms. Therefore one can say that his ability to move from being in pain and confused about the truth is a strength in character. It actually shows just how Oedipus has finally become wise. Throughout the play of Sophocles, Oedipus seems extremely careless on his quest for the truth irrespective of the consequences that are ever so painful. Even though one can say that his quest for the truth was accompanied by lots of despair, this same quest is the one that is attributed towards having changed Oedipus. Due to his many tribulations, Oedipus is forced to come to terms with new responsibilities. These were to affect not only his family and kingdom, but also himself. He is thus seen to have come out stronger. This strength of character also shows that he indeed has become mature. Conclusion Come to think of it, there was only one way through which Oedipus could have attained his strength of character. Therefore, Sophocles just puts out a simple fact through this strength of Oedipus. This simple fact is that every single person is always in a quest to find the truth about something. It is not a must for the quest to set you free. The fact however is that the journey on your quest will shape you Simon, Peter.  The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 1(2). USA:   W. W. Norton Company. 2009.Adve rtising We will write a custom essay sample on Strength of Oedipus Character specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

City Council Meeting essays

City Council Meeting essays After searching deperatly to find a City Hall that has its meetings on a day that I can actually go to, because the previous meetings conflicted with my classes. I tried the City Hall in Bellflower, and the meetings were on Monday nights, which conflicted with one of my English classes. Then finally I arrived at the City Hall in Lakewood when it was open; it had been closed each other time I came. I came last week in advance to find out when the next meeting was going to be. She told me that it was on the next Tuesday at 7:30 in the evening. She wasnt sure so she told me to come back and double check with another representative (because she was the only person in the building or go online and check their web site at www.lakewoodcity.org. After checking back I found that the City Council holds regular meetings on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month at 7:30 in the evening. The next meeting was December 10, 2002. So I marked it on my calendar and waited patiently until t hat day came. Finally, it is 6:00pm when I arrive at the building. To my dismay, the doors were locked, the lights were off, the janitors were cleaning, and there was no one else in sight. In a panic I wonder around the building fearing that somehow, with my luck, I missed the date or time. After arguing with myself for I get back in my car and wonder the block to clear my mind, then I head back. Everything was just the way I left it. I get out of the car, which was hard to do because the heater was on, I was in a T-shirt, and it was freezing outside. Finally I decide to ask one of the janitors if there was supposed to be a meeting tonight. So I run to the glass double doors and wait for one of them to come out of a room, any room. In the distance I see a woman walking toward me. She looks like she word there, so I wait for her to reach the doors. She gets to the glass double doors and just stares at me like I didnt belong the...

A child called it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A child called it - Essay Example In many cases, the child, because of illness, irritability, or the parents incorrect choice of actions, would not return the desired and expected response. In such an interaction, the child’s purpose can be seen as blameworthy. Pelzer writes that his mother often found any excuse to bit him: â€Å"SMACK!. Mother bits me in the face and I topped to the floor. I know better than to stand there and take the bit, I learned the bard way that she takes as an act of defiance, which means more bits, or worst of all, no food † (Pelzer, 1995, p. 3). As a child, Pelzer cannot resist domestic violence and psychical abuse. This situation creates feelings of helplessness, frustration and anger. A hasty move of children can also generate stresses for both the children and caretakers alike, with the children suddenly uprooted and the caretakers unprepared to meet their needs. In contrast to his siblings, favored by his mother, Pelzer was beaten, bruised and sometimes tortured for a long time. In some instances his injuries threatened his life: For instance, once Dave was stubbed in the chest, and â€Å"the pain from the pinching was more than I could stand. With my teeth clamped tightly on the rag, my screaming was muffled. I felt as though I was hanging from a cliff† (Pelzer, 1995, p. 23). This book is about emotional abuse and psychological distress caused by parents. Pelzer was subjected to emotional abuse and neglect, including malnutrition, being left alone and living in squalid conditions. It seems likely that Pelzer subjected to violent parenting repeatedly asserted his needs and his dependency only to find his caretakers unable to meet them. In such cases, the childrens immaturity would have been experienced by the parents as an intolerable extra demand that competed with the parents own dependency wishes. Frustration and violence to the children then resulted. The author describes: â€Å"I knew if I wanted to live, I would have to think ahead. I could no longer cry like

HUMAN SMPILEX VIRUS TYPE 1 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HUMAN SMPILEX VIRUS TYPE 1 - Article Example Moreover, insofar as the Cleveland case was concerned, its presentation in a respected medical journal did lend the required air of credibility. Another link between changes in the immune system, a cofactor (psychological stress), and the recurrence of disease (in this case, genital herpes) was established in 1985 at the University of California at San Francisco, where health psychologist Margaret Kemeny evaluated 40 persons with genital herpes over a six-month period. She analyzed several variables, including measures of stressful life events (daily hassles, anticipated stress), life goals, coping measures, social support, and changing health habits. Blood samples were drawn from the subjects each month so that the investigators could look at possible stress-induced immunological changes. The laboratory diagnosis can help to determine culture of the virus, type of the virus, direct fluorescent antibody, chain reaction, skin biopsy, and other immunological methods which helps to determine anti-HSV antibody. Serological tests are also used for HVS-1 detection, but because of their high costs, they are not popular in medical practice. According to the preliminary findings, subjects with the highest levels of stress suffered the highest rates of herpes recurrence and had changes in their immune systems, notably in the number of helper T-cells in their blood. Moreover, the recurrences were most likely to occur in the month following a major stressful event -- such as the death of a family member, losing a job, failing an exam, or moving -- or in the month following the anticipation of a stressful event. If true, this would be a far greater threat than transfusion-related AIDS. Transfusion can also pass along one of the five members of the human herpes group, the cytomegalovirus (CMV), a slowspreading agent that can cause a mononucleosislike illness, birth defects, and infections in patients whose immune systems have been suppressed (Flint et al 2009). Human Simplex Virus - 1 Even without symptoms, the very possibility that the virus may have entered one's system is enough to paralyze a person with fear. If there is, indeed, as the researchers have shown, a direct association between stress and immune function, the intensity of that stress might very well determine whether someone who has had a questionable contact will develop AIDS or one of the diseases associated with it. On the other hand, as noted earlier, the consensus is that infection with the virus alone is enough to cause AIDS -- that it is the virus that severely damages the immune system, whether the system was previously impaired or not. There is, of course, strong evidence in support of this view. For instance, although there was clinical and laboratory proof of cellular immune dysfunction in each of the cases of AIDS that were turning up in homosexual men, investigators were learning that not all of the victims had a history of underlying immunosuppressive disease or therapy (Flint et al 20 09). According to epidemiological studies, "worldwide 90% of people have one or

Assess the state of learning and development in your chosen Essay

Assess the state of learning and development in your chosen organisation - Essay Example It is essential to note that workers must have qualities to adopt any kind of environment in addition to enhancing their skills. Through the specialized training provided by learning and development (L&D) as well as proper guidance, employee’s performance is significantly achieved. In this regard, there is need for managers to be thoroughly experienced in executing development strategies. While learning is a continuous process that aims at shaping up the skills that are hidden within an employee, development is a process that is focused at growing personal skills in order to rise the degree of knowledge among the employees (Rae, 2001). This paper aims at candidly assessing the state of learning and development strategies emulated by Apple incorporation, an international company that specializes in the production and marketing of personal computers, consumers electronics as well computer software. Despite the stiff competition that Apple Company has faced from its rivals that include IBM and Microsoft, its innovation and learning culture has significantly contributed to the improved performance in the technology industry. Being headquartered in Cupertino, California, Apple has instigated a number of learning programs under the leadership of the former CEO Steve Jobs. One of the major strategies that Apple has adopted in its operations is recruitment of excellent and talented executives. In addition, the company has adopted a key L&D strategy that entails creation of a learning environment through the use of tools such as self direction, lectures, training among other learning programs (Gibb, 2008). In its day to day operations, Apple Company through its management team has initiated cognitive as well as behavioural approaches as major learning and development strategies. In this way, the company has encouraged effective communication between junior employees and the top manag ement. Another

Health and Spa Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health and Spa Tourism - Essay Example As the study outlines in recent times, there has been great mushrooming of these travel agencies and the tourism industry has flourished at an unprecedented rate. With the competition becoming tougher everyday, it has become important that new strategies and plans incorporating exotic and special themes be introduced. Innovative ideas in attractive packages are being prepared for a select target thus opening a whole new vista of tourism. The exclusivity of the package has special appeal which has popularized the concept of special interest tourism (SIT). This type of tourism goes beyond the usual definition of the word and fulfils the extra demand that the body or the mind or sometimes, both, require. Tourism that caters for a specific target group with focus on one special activity has become very popular among the elite class. This discussion declares that holidays have always held a special charm for the young and the old alike. Krippendorf says ‘travel is: recuperation and regeneration, restoring body and soul’. Vacations to different places have not only provided a way to rejuvenate the mind and the body after the humdrum monotony of the routine life but they have also been a great source of information and knowledge about people and places. Though the pattern of holidays and vacations, has changed over the years, the basic aim of relaxing has remained the most important feature.

Categorical definition arguement writing about heros Essay

Categorical definition arguement writing about heros - Essay Example His personality used to be exalted. In mythology or in the great epic of the world Ramayana, the hero is Ram. Ram is shown as an obedient, selfless, and the most valiant person of the world. But in the modern time the concept of hero has changed. The hero is supposed to be the person who has glamour due to his qualities. The modern heroes can be of different field such as the hero in sport, cinema, or politics. The hero in modern term is the person who has his influence on the people and he is an idol for them. The influence of the hero could go even to that height where the ordinary people start thinking him as a divine figure and they worship him. In India, especially in South India the people are so crazy about films and the heroes of the film that they have built the temples of these heroes. It is the different thing whether these people deserve worship or not, but the major point here to be considered is that the height of influence of the hero can go at any stage. It is always the quality of the hero to battle hard and reach to the pinnacle of success by overcoming all odds. These heroes have tremendous power and strength. There are different types of heroes; among them are seeker, victim hero, anti-hero, tragic hero, epic hero, culture hero, folk hero and reluctant hero. A Hero is a man who ardently devotes his life to the divine and inner truth and shares his vision with the rest of the world. For Carlyle, this is the definition of a true man: one who is a deep and spiritual being, living his life by divine truths. Carlyle in his book â€Å"On Heroes, hero-worship and the heroic in history,† he talks about the following different categories of the heroes† â€Å"All sorts of Heroes are intrinsically of the same material; that given a great soul, open to the Divine Significance of Life, then there is given a man fit to speak of this, to sing of this, to fight and work for this, in a great, victorious, enduring manner; there is

The effect of the recent financial crisis and regulatory implications Essay

The effect of the recent financial crisis and regulatory implications for ( your jurisdiction of choice ) but not US or UK ((( I would prefer Dubia ))) - Essay Example the structure and the principles of the financial markets have been proved to have a critical role in the increase of the pressure against the economies internationally; however, there are countries, like Dubai, which managed to keep their economy strong; The effects of financial crisis can be divided into two different categories: a) the effects referring to the national economy and b) the effects related to the firms and individuals that have interests on specific investments. Failures in the regulation of crisis in regard to the economy and the private sector have been identified; these failures have led to the instability of the markets or firms involved1; at the next level, the financial crisis have led to the differentiation of the role of risk – as a decisive factor in the development of financial policies. In this context, it can be noted that the financial crisis has led to the differentiation of the political decisions in regard to the rules that govern the markets worldwide. On the other hand, Claessens et al. (2010) supported that current crisis has many similarities with the financial crises of the past2; under these terms, the countries that have faced similar crises in the past should be more ready to face the c urrent recession; however, in the case of USA the above ‘rule’ has not been verified. Moreover, the view of Claessens et al. (2010) can lead to the assumption that countries with no previous experiences of financial crisis are likely to fail in handling the recent recession; Dubai had not face such a crisis in the past; the crisis hit the country recently, i.e. after having affected all other countries; this fact cannot be easily explained. However, through the case of Dubai it was revealed that experience in crisis does not guarantee the effectiveness against a crisis; the country managed to exit the crisis even if the relevant pressure was extremely strong. Dubai is country characterized for the power of its economy; the financial

Health and Spa Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health and Spa Tourism - Essay Example As the study outlines in recent times, there has been great mushrooming of these travel agencies and the tourism industry has flourished at an unprecedented rate. With the competition becoming tougher everyday, it has become important that new strategies and plans incorporating exotic and special themes be introduced. Innovative ideas in attractive packages are being prepared for a select target thus opening a whole new vista of tourism. The exclusivity of the package has special appeal which has popularized the concept of special interest tourism (SIT). This type of tourism goes beyond the usual definition of the word and fulfils the extra demand that the body or the mind or sometimes, both, require. Tourism that caters for a specific target group with focus on one special activity has become very popular among the elite class. This discussion declares that holidays have always held a special charm for the young and the old alike. Krippendorf says ‘travel is: recuperation and regeneration, restoring body and soul’. Vacations to different places have not only provided a way to rejuvenate the mind and the body after the humdrum monotony of the routine life but they have also been a great source of information and knowledge about people and places. Though the pattern of holidays and vacations, has changed over the years, the basic aim of relaxing has remained the most important feature.

The effect of the recent financial crisis and regulatory implications Essay

The effect of the recent financial crisis and regulatory implications for ( your jurisdiction of choice ) but not US or UK ((( I would prefer Dubia ))) - Essay Example the structure and the principles of the financial markets have been proved to have a critical role in the increase of the pressure against the economies internationally; however, there are countries, like Dubai, which managed to keep their economy strong; The effects of financial crisis can be divided into two different categories: a) the effects referring to the national economy and b) the effects related to the firms and individuals that have interests on specific investments. Failures in the regulation of crisis in regard to the economy and the private sector have been identified; these failures have led to the instability of the markets or firms involved1; at the next level, the financial crisis have led to the differentiation of the role of risk – as a decisive factor in the development of financial policies. In this context, it can be noted that the financial crisis has led to the differentiation of the political decisions in regard to the rules that govern the markets worldwide. On the other hand, Claessens et al. (2010) supported that current crisis has many similarities with the financial crises of the past2; under these terms, the countries that have faced similar crises in the past should be more ready to face the c urrent recession; however, in the case of USA the above ‘rule’ has not been verified. Moreover, the view of Claessens et al. (2010) can lead to the assumption that countries with no previous experiences of financial crisis are likely to fail in handling the recent recession; Dubai had not face such a crisis in the past; the crisis hit the country recently, i.e. after having affected all other countries; this fact cannot be easily explained. However, through the case of Dubai it was revealed that experience in crisis does not guarantee the effectiveness against a crisis; the country managed to exit the crisis even if the relevant pressure was extremely strong. Dubai is country characterized for the power of its economy; the financial

Courage can be applied and used in almost every aspect of life Essay Example for Free

Courage can be applied and used in almost every aspect of life Essay Definitions are meant to help us understand different concepts all around us. A definition allows us to communicate something that needed to be said. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the definition of the word definition is â€Å"the action of defining, or stating exactly what a thing is, or what a word means† in a sense where it will help us understand its meaning. Definitions provide insight to the meaning of something. At times we may feel like we know a word but cannot clearly come up with a way to define it and that is when definitions come into play providing clarity for a word. They help us understand everything around us, from peoples ideas to their feelings, to all sorts of concepts of ideology and life. Without definitions we would not know what anything would be, mean, act for, and so on. Definitions are an essential part of life that helps us cope with many things by helping us understand a broader perspective of objects and ideas. As a freshman in English class, one of our assignments was to read â€Å"Solitude and Leadership† by William Deresiewicz which is an extended definition of the words solitude and leadership. William Deresiewicz used different methods to define the two words including quotes, examples, characteristics, and reference to Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, which in my case was one of the hardest novels I had to read. One of the definitions Deresiewicz gives us is â€Å"solitude means being alone, and leadership necessitates the presence of others†, both words contradicting themselves. Deresiewicz uses a series of characteristics to define the words, which included words such as courage, independence, thinking, creativity, honor, concentration, honesty, introspection, friendship, and morality among others. Courage was one characteristic that stood out to me. Courage can be interpreted in many ways. According to the Oxford English Dictionary one way, courage is defined as â€Å"the heart as a seat of feeling, thought, etc.; spirit, mind, disposition, nature.† Another definition that was provided was that courage is â€Å"applied to a persons spirit† and yet another definition was â€Å"spirit, liveliness, lustiness, vigor, vital force or energy.† All three definitions contained the word â€Å"spirit† in them, and I believe that ones spirit is really important in relation to courage because it is what keeps  us going. I can say that courage drives our spirit because without courage we would not do the many things that we have done and will do. For example, we would not talk to someone we really like without having the courage to go up to him or her right? According to the essay by Deresiewics, there is two types of courage one being â€Å"physical† which he says we â€Å"all possess in abundance† and â€Å"moral courage†, which is the courage that allows us to â€Å"stand up† for what we â€Å"believe† (175). Courage drives us to the many things we do in everyday life whether it is something simple like having â€Å"the courage to argues† our â€Å"ideas† or something adventurous like skydiving (175). To myself, courage contains some of the same characteristics, but I can out it into different words. Courage is a quality of mind or spirit that leads one to make certain decisions. Defining courage this way makes much more sense to me. Courage is very important because without it we probably would not be in certain situations we are in. For example, without courage I would not be three hundred ninety four miles away from home all on my own living with someone who was once a complete stranger to me. I believe that that took tons of courage from me. Without courage many of us would not be away home our homes starting our college careers, which will prepare us for our future careers. Courage is a drive one must have to keep our spirit going. As a freshman in college, I have set goals that I hope to achieve by the end of the year. I believe that courage can help achieve many goals. For example, one of my goals is to leave here with the courage to take up more rigorous classes next year. Taking up more challenging courses is definitely going to require courage because college can already be difficult for some and taking up more can be a harder task. Another goal I wish to accomplish is to learn from all that will be done this year and apply it to the future. This goal can also take a bit of courage because learning from mistakes and applying the experience onto the future can be difficult. Courage is a really important characteristic to contain. No matter what age or situation, courage is extremely important, just having the mentality of wanting to do something and being able to do it says a lot about a person’s character. After reading the â€Å"Solitude and Leadership† I suddenly realize that there  are many things that take part in building character. Courage goes a very long way. It helps us decide on certain ideas, gestures, etc. Being able to take the essay and go onto defining a word in my own terms, like in the essay, took courage because many people can judge my ideology but having that courage the author spoke about and arguing for my own idea took courage. Courage can be applied and used in almost every aspect of life. Sometimes all you need in life is a bit of courage to get you through a certain situation in life because â€Å"at such moments, all you really have is yourself† (182). Works Cited â€Å"definition, n.†. OED Online. 2012. Oxford University Press. 29 October 2012 . â€Å"courage, n.†. OED Online. 2012. Oxford University Press. 29 October 2012 . Deresiewicz, William. â€Å"Solitude and Leadership.† The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2011. Ed. Dave Eggers. New York: Houghton, 20122. 169-182. Print.

Challenges to the UK Building Industry Regulations

Challenges to the UK Building Industry Regulations Literature Review The Building (construction) industry is complex in nature. It involves several stakeholders with different procedure, process and perception; therefore, there are bound to be conflicts and disputes amongst them. Jaffar et al. [Jaffar, Abdul Tharim, et al. 2011] noted that a study undertaken by Kumaraswamy and Yogeswaran [Kumaraswamy and Yogeswaran 1998] provided a good reference of the common sources of construction disputes that are likely related to contractual matters, including variation, extension of time, payment, availability of information, quality of technical specification, administration and management, failure to meet clients expectations and determination. Conflict may be as a result of difficulties in communications between individuals, barriers between personal and professional relationships, informal agreements etc. Conflict are also known to produce tension and distraction amongst team members or stakeholders, from performing their agreed task. Gould [Gould] explained that conflict may arise in construction project, and taking adequate steps in avoiding them is very important. Effective communication, identifying objective solutions and avoiding conflict can help in achieving a hurdle-free project lifecycle. In the construction industry, commercially based settlement is frequently used, either in negotiation or by mediation. Time and money can be saved by using a mediator or other ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) process. The literature review of this research will cover the UK building Industry; the building regulations applicable in the UK; causes of conflict and how they can be managed. The UK Building Industry The UK construction industry employs 2.9 million people, approximately 10% of all jobs (in over 280,000 businesses). It contributes nearly  £90bn to the UK economy, 6.7% of the total. The global construction output is expected to increase from around $8.5 trillion today to $12 trillion in 2025. The UK is considered to be the sixth largest green construction sector in the world, with around 60,000 jobs to support the insulation sector alone by 2015 [HM Government]. As stated by HM Government [HM Government], the population of 2.9 million people is divided into the following trades: Executive and managerial 11% Painters and decorators 3% Civil, mechanical, electrical engineers 5% Bricklayers, masons, roofers, tilers 3% Metal, electrical and mechanical trades 10% Architects, town planners, surveyors 6% Carpenters and joiners 7% Plant and machine operatives and drivers 7% Plasterers, glaziers and other trades 5% Plumbers and heating ventilation engineers 5% Other occupations 37% Building Regulations in the UK In the United Kingdom, Building regulations are statutory instruments that ensure that the policies set out in appropriate regulations are carried out as required. Building regulations that are applied across in Scotland are set out in the Building (Scotland) Act 2003 while across England and Wales, Building regulations applied are set out in Building Act 1984. The Building regulations for the UK are generally divide into three: England and Wales; Scotland; and Northern Ireland. In England and Wales, the department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) is responsible for Building Regulations. The Building regulations legislative framework principally made up of the Building Regulations 2000; and the Building (Approved Inspectors etc.) Regulations 2000. The aim of these regulations is to provide standards for most aspects of buildings construction, including its structure, fire safety, thermal efficiency, sound insulation, drainage, ventilation and electrical safety. Furthermore, Electrical safety was included in January 2005 to reduce the number of fatality, injuries and fire caused by faulty electrical installation [KnaufInsulation]. As stated by England and Wales Planning Portal [UK National Archives], the Building Act 1984 is the primary legislation under which the Building Regulations and other secondary legislation are made. The many powers of the Building Act 1984 include those for: Setting the status of Approved Documents Setting the status of Approved Documents Dangerous structures Demolition of buildings The role of Approved Inspectors Enforcement of Building Regulations Powers of entry to premises etc. As noted in the Building and Buildings, England and Wales The Building Regulation 2010 [Legislation.gov.uk], the regulations covers the following: Control of Building work Notices, Plans and Certificates Supervision of Building Work Otherwise than by Local Authorities Self Certification Schemes Energy Efficiency Requirements Water Efficiency Requirements Water Efficiency Information to be provided by the Person Carrying Out Work Testing and Commissioning Miscellaneous In Northern Ireland, the department of Finance and Personnel (DFPNI) for Building regulations. The Building regulations (Northern Ireland) Order was enacted in 1972, which was subsequently amended in 1978 before finally replaced by the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 (as amended 1990). The current regulations are the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009. The Building Regulations set the requirements and standards that can be attained reasonably, having regard for the health, safety, welfare and comfort of people in and around buildings and others affected by buildings or building matters [KnaufInsulation]. The Scottish Building Standards Agency (SBSA) is responsible for the Scottish building standards system. The Building regulations legislative framework in Scotland is principally made up of the Building (Scotland) Act 2003 and the Building (Procedure) (Scotland) Regulations 2004. The Scottish Building Standards Agency will work on behalf of Scottish Ministers to [KnaufInsulation]: Promote the health, safety, welfare and comfort of people in and around buildings; Encourage the conservation of fuel and power; and Encourage the achievement of sustainable development. Planning permission are different from Building regulations; they are concerned with appropriate development, the neighbourhoods appearance, and nature of land usage while Building regulations control how buildings are designed and construction (building specifications). Definition of conflicts Most people do not recognise the difference between conflict and dispute. Many scholars have differentiated between the two terms. As defined by Burgess et. al [Burgess and Spangler], Disputes are defined as short-term disagreements that are relatively easy to resolve. Long term, deep-rooted problems that involve seemingly non-negotiable issues and are resistant to resolution are referred as Conflicts. A dispute can result when a claim or assertion made by one party is rejected by other party and that rejection is not accepted [Kumaraswamy and Yogeswaran 1998]. This shows that a dispute is more likely to occur when the conflicting parties exhibit an action or arguments to a controversy. Jaffer et al. [Jaffar, Abdul Tharim, et al. 2011] noted that according to Thomas [Thomas 1992], there are three themes among the definitions of conflict. The first, it is regarded as a perception issue, whether conflict exist or not. The perceived difference may not be real but conversely if the difference is real but not perceived, there is no conflict. The second, there is interdependence among parties (i.e. each has the potential to interfere with the other). Thirdly, there are issues of opposition, blockage and scarcity. Resources (money, power and prestige) are limited. Their scarcity creates blocking behaviour. Conflict and dispute are two distinct notions. Conflict tends to exists where there is incompatibility of interest, and it is pandemic. Conflict can be managed to an extent at which a dispute is avoided to occur from the conflict. Dispute require resolution, and it is associated with defined justiciable issues and third party intervention [Fenn and Lowe 1997]. Costintino and Merchant [Costintino and Merchant 1996] defined conflict as the fundamental disagreement between two parties, of which a dispute is one possible outcome (conciliation, conflict avoidance, or capitulation are other outcomes). Furthermore, conflict is a state rather than a process. Participating parties with different interests, values, or needs may be in a state of conflict, which may be considered to be latent (meaning ignored) or manifest resulting in a form of dispute or disputing process. Therefore, a conflict can exist without a dispute, but a dispute cannot exist without a conflict [Yarn 1996] Conflict can be defined as a social phenomenon which can arise when people interact and pursue common goals. The beginning of a disagreement if often when two people or parties have differing interests and work against one another in order to achieve their set objectives. Furthermore, conflicts only carry destructive potential, they can also offer many opportunities for change, development and innovation [Proksch 2016]. Gorse [Gorse 2003] defined conflict as any divergence of interest, objectives or priorities between individuals, groups or organisation, or non-conformance to requirements of a task, activity or process. Conflict is not only inevitable in the construction industry, it is often desirable. The numerous definitions shows that scholars look at conflicts and disputes from different angles. However, most researchers are of the opinion that conflict and disputes share the same definition that is generally involve disagreement regarding interests or ideas [Kumaraswamy and Yogeswaran 1998]. This research adopts the view that conflict and dispute are the same. Types of Conflicts Identifying what type of conflict that exist is very important, as it will reduce the risk of tackling the wrong problem. Each conflict has a multitude of different facets. In resolving a conflict, it is often necessary to determine the root cause before solving the actual problem. Depending on the causes, there are six different basic forms of conflict, namely [Proksch 2016]: Circumstantial conflicts Circumstantial conflict are referred to those conflicts that are caused as a result of differing, insufficient or incorrect information, as well as differing interpretations of this information. An example is A car accident resulting in damage to property. Solution to such conflict is normally on factual level: obtaining all required information, clarify all facts, establish agreement on facts assessed and if necessary, employ the assistance of independent experts. Circumstantial conflict is more about who compensates whom for the damages caused and in what amount. Emotions that arises in this type of conflicts usually disappears after clarification of the issue. Conflicts of interest This type of conflict is not about facts but differing interests. For example in a neighbourhood, conflict between a bar owner and a resident due to noise disturbance, the former has a legitimate right to have as many customers as possible. In this context, the bar owner may be required to play loud music. The resident also has a legitimate interest in peace and quiet. It is advisable to identify the respective interest and requirements. These are sometimes not clear by the positions of the parties involved. Once legitimate interest are revealed, it makes it easier to resolve, as requirements are often broadly-based. Consequently, these increases the possibility of various options. Relationship conflicts Relationship conflict is caused by problems of an emotional nature. These conflicts are as a result of feelings like fear, frustration, similar emotions, envy, unmet expectations or reoccurred misunderstandings. Something of value to one person may not be of interest to the other person e.g. punctuality. A relationship conflict may arise amongst parties where one perceive the unpunctuality of the other as a gesture of contempt. The parties involved should be given the opportunity to express their feelings; and the underlying aspirations and needs of each individual should be understood by parties. Conflicts of values Differing ideals and principles clash may result in Conflicts over value. A classic example of this form of conflict is disparate religious norms, but a more general example is when values such as seniority on one side and performance orientation on the other come into conflict. In some cases, both principles in varying degree are valued. Establishing a common value footing will aid conflicts of values resolution. In an event where a common basis for discussion cannot be determined, a decision should be taken at a higher instance or by a court. Structural conflicts This form of conflict does not result from difference between people but from differences in structural factor. There is typically an area of tension between sales and construction areas of a company, a latent conflict, because they set definite priorities and pursue different goals. Another example is the tension that exist between two opposing lawyers in a trial, they engage in conflict with one another based on the logic of the legal system. In search of a solution, It is advisable to focus on the development of regulatory and coordination processes, in a view to constructively manage the permanent tension. Inner conflicts This form of conflict is the world of thoughts and feelings of one person. Everyones desires, goal or role requirements varies; therefore, contradict one another. For example, the thought of Shall I finish the assignment today and get home later, or put it off until tomorrow and have dinner with my family? In this instance, the role of a family person and the role of a professional come into conflict. Open conversation with someone may help in dealing with serious inner conflicts. Figure 1: Types of Conflicts As explained by Gorse [Gorse 2003], conflict can be perceived to be natural, functional and constructive or unnatural, dysfunctional, destructive and unproductive. Challenges, disagreements and arguments relating to tasks, roles, processes and functions, may result from functional conflict which often involves detailed discussion of relevant issues. The advantages of function conflict are: Helping to expose problems; Reduce risks; Integrate ideas; Produce a range of solution; Develop understanding; Evaluate alternatives; and Improve solutions. Unnatural conflict can be defined as where a participant enters into encounter intending the destruction or disablement of the other party. Dysfunctional conflict can be as a result of personal insults, criticism that encourages self-ego and comments that lack regards for others feelings. This type of conflict is not aimed at improving task performance [Gorse 2003]. Causes of Conflict in Construction Industry Conflict develops in multidisciplinary building teams as group members tend to impose their team objectives on others, in order to change others beliefs or actions. Furthermore, conflict may result due to a failure to develop and manage peoples expectations. For example, the inexperience of some clients means that when explaining the construction process, it has be detailed. Explanation should broken-down to their level of understanding. When problem arises and decision need to be made, clients require unbiased and professional responses but this is often inconsistent because information or responses are offered from different professionals. Information from professionals may differ even if they provide the same service because they tend to concentrate on aspects closely associated with their profession, training and experience [Gorse 2003]. Conflicts are often not conspicuous, they are mostly recognisable by their symptoms which may include [Proksch 2016]: Opposition, rejection: The conscious or unconscious attempt to prevent the opponent in achieving his objectives, in the work that is carried out carelessly or information is not communicated. Withdrawal, indifference: The parties involved loses motivation to work as well as the need to open up emotionally. This often referred to as inner resignation. Kumaraswamy [Kumaraswamy 1997] identified 20 common causes of construction conflict and disputes, which are as follows: Failure of respond to issues on time Lack of communication among the team members The mechanism is not clear in providing information Poor management, control and coordination Failure to determine responsibility in accordance with the contract Estimation error Delayed in providing information Design errors and specifications Pictures and specifications are incomplete Calculation of incorrect work progress Lack of experience of consultants Lack of contractor management, supervision, and coordination Delay of jobs Failure of plan and implement change of work The failure to understand the price of the work or the offer price correctly Lack of understanding of the existing agreement in the contract Employment contracts and the complete lack of construction documents The lack of clarity of document in the distribution of work flow Non clarity of terms in the contract documents The big difference in understanding of contracts in foreign languages within the same contract As noted by Jaffer et al. [Jaffar, Abdul Tharim, et al. 2011], Hohns [Hohns 1979] opined that construction disputes have their instinct nature and characteristics; therefore, the sources of disputes will vary from one project to another. In his study, he identified five primary sources of construction disputes that includes existence of errors, defects or omissions in the contract documents, failure of someone to count the cost of an undertaking at the beginning, changed condition, consumer reaction and people involved. Jaffer et al. [Jaffar, Abdul Tharim, et al. 2011] explained that conflict causes identified by researchers are summarised into three categories, namely: causes due to behavioural, contractual and technical problems. Conflicts causes due to behavioural problems Human interaction, personality, cultures, perception and professional background amongst team members are common behavioural problems. Other causes of conflicts in human behaviour are individuals ambition, frustration, dissatisfaction, desire or growth, communication and level of power, fraud and faith. It is one thing to lose money in a contractual issue, but it is a lot to lose face. People tend to protect their integrity and pride no matter the cost. Once ones ego involved can survive, disputes tend to be more easily resolved. Everyone wants a better future and the opportunity to increase the self-recognition; therefore, goal realisation and increase of authoritative power will help in resolving disputes. Conflict causes due to contractual problems The stakeholders in a project are governed by a contract which defines their obligation to each other, and also the exchange of construction materials and services for money. MacNeil [MacNeil 1974] defined contract as a promise or the set of promises for the breach of which the law give a remedy or the performance of which the law in some way recognises as a duty. As indicated in a study undertaken by Kumaraswamy Yogeswaran [Kumaraswamy and Yogeswaran 1998], the sources of construction disputes are mainly related to contractual matters including variation, extension of time, payment, quality of technical specification, availability of information, administration and management, unrealistic client expectation and determination. Standard contract documents in the building industry are guided by codes and regulations. They provide common ground for contractual definitions clarifications, thereby making conflict less likely in construction operations and specific project requirements. Conflict causes due to technical problems Projects come with uncertainty, most times surrounded around the technicality of the project. Technical disputes due to uncertainty are considered as the most common issues. Technical disputes include engineering clarification which is considered as a part of engineering making processes. For example, Request for Information (RFI) which is a tool used for clarifying differences in understanding during project operation, is used to resolve issue onsite before they develop to technical dispute. Such dispute can be resolved by project personnel with appropriate expertise. The engineering decision making process is quite straight forward and reasonably justifiable for all participants. The ways of resolving technical disputes in project management is different from the resolution of contractual disputes during project operations. The design deficiency is generally regarded as being beyond an error of omission. Design error significantly alter the means, methods, environment, duration, or the conditions of the construction process. In the construction industry, design errors are common in foundations, frame and enclosure, and in space utilisation. As explained by Rauzana [Rauzana], Susila [Susila] opined that on one hand the contractors attention is on project completion in accordance with specified schedule and attempt to gain financially, while on the other hand the owner needs excellent asset at economical prices. Each party goal contradict with another; therefore, it may result in circumstances which could lead to conflict. The factors of conflicts are owner, consultants, contractors, contracts and specifications, human resources and project conditions Conflicts in the building industry: Negatives or Positives? Proksch [Proksch 2016] explained that conflict has its negatives and positives, and may consumes valuable resources: time and money. When conflict escalate and develop into power struggle or paralyses an organisation, this becomes a commercial problem. The risk that arises from conflicts in an organisation affect various areas, which are as follows [Ref. 6]: Stress and pressure on employees: Conflict experienced by participant are often stressful and are associated with anxiety, aggression, excessive demands, lack of esteem and similar feelings. Decline in productivity may be as a result of stress, which may further cascade to demotivation, inner resignation and absenteeism spread. Fragmentation of teams: Communication behaviour between opponents is passive or aggressive. Participants are disparaged and increasing value may be placed on allies. Avoiding or insulting each other arises. In some cases, it may result in deception, theft, sabotage and hostile behaviour. Unproductive usage of time: The time that should be spent on carrying out work is taken up by conflicts. Colleagues focus more on talking about the conflict, speculating about causes and relationship, people blaming each other or scheme, seeking information, inflict agony on one another, etc. Staff turnover and sick leave: Lengthy conflicts results in higher levels of absenteeism due to stress or sickness. Chronic unresolved conflict are suggested to cause up to 90% of dismissals as well as in at least 50% of employee resignations. Running costs increases as a result of staff losses, recruitment and training of new employees. The comments above does not mean that conflicts are principally negative. As earlier noted, conflict has its advantages as well. Conflicts are perceived as the rule of human co-existence; the way it is being manage determines how successful organisations are in solving their problems, and consequently in protecting their future. Conflicts have positive aspects, which are as follows [Proksch 2016]: Conflicts indicate problems: Problems or misunderstandings become visible and noticeable through conflicts. Tension between participants is an indicator of Need for Action. Conflicts trigger change: Conflicts provide opportunity for change. At this point, actions or decisions are taken to trigger change and thereby prevent deadlock. Conflicts arouse interest and curiosity: Conflicts encourages great enthusiasm to human co-existence. They would lead to tension, curiosity, fostering interest and stimulating the search for creative new solutions and innovations. Conflicts strengthen relationships: When conflicts are successfully overcome by both sides, they provides enduring relationships. Friendship tend to get stronger when they go through through and thick and finally settle their differences. Conflict free relationships are often cursory. Frictions will produce understanding amongst participants which will improve trust. Conflicts strengthen group cohesion: Having constructive debate will result in knowing preferences, strengths and weaknesses of colleagues or participants. Making it easier to develop trust and to recognise ones weaknesses. Conflict Management in Organisations Proksch [Proksch 2016] noted that the survey carried out by the working group Internal Mediation concluded that methods of conflict management can be reduced to four basic forms. In attempting to settle conflict, the parties to the disputes can be separated or brought together. However, attempts can be made to resolve the conflict on an issue-related or individual -related basis. The four basic forms of conflict management are as follows: Separative measures Issue related measures Integrative measures Individual related measures TraditionalComplementary Figure 2: The four forms of conflict management [(Proksch 2016)] Separative Measures Separative measures are focused on separating the parties, thereby eliminating the conflict. Examples of this are dismissal or transfer of an employee or employees from their work base to other locations of the organisation. Another example is where the Project manager in a conflict with the site engineer, one of them is transfer to another location to avoid issues. These forms are often used and constitute a classic form of conflict management, whereby existing conflicts are made to vanish from the face of the earth relatively quickly and effectively [Proksch 2016]. Proksch [Proksch 2016] suggested that if a similar conflict arises frequently, that means it is probably a structural conflict. Therefore, the conflict is not related to the person but to his/her organisation and the management system. On this occasion, it is advisable to apply an integrative form of conflict management to get to the root cause. Issue-Related Measures Issue Related Measures is implemented where the organisational or technical solution is sought independently of the conflict participants. First step is to identify the mistake and analyse it; then draw up regulations, guidelines or standards aimed at preventing the recurrence of the same conflict. In the construction industry, regulations, guidelines and standards that are in relation to the industry and tasks should be consulted. Effective tools such as work procedures, organisational chart, procurement procedures, business process models and so forth should be used to organise the way in which people work together. An example of issue related measure is increasing scarce resources, and they are a frequent cause of conflict. The basis of the conflict is eliminated as result of the lower degree of mutual dependency when the bottleneck is removed. These methods are bound to be successful if the conflict is caused by unclear guidelines or boundaries or when assignment are not explicit thereby resulting in misinterpretation. Method fails when the causes are perceive to be only a pretext, and other underlying problem such as personal issues or organisational culture are the main causes. Individual Related Measures Individual Related measures focuses on seeking solution at an individual level. Sometimes personal discussions are conducted or coaching offered to the affected individual. If the conflict cannot be resolved through discussions, the task of resolving the conflict may be delegated to someone. Disagreements by the categorisation of events into good or bad, right or wrong make it easily to resolve. The judicial system operates on this principle in order to ensure order and security. In the professional context, this approach has its shortfall because conflicts do not only arise on individual level but a large number of influencing factors play a role together that result in conflict: organisational frameworks, customs, power structures or limited resourc

The Power Struggle in Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita :: Nabokov Lolita Essays

The Power Struggle in Lolita      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to literary theories and the theories of Fredrich Nietzsche, human beings have an unquenchable urge for power and will use "ethics," and everything else, in order to increase their authority. In Nabokov's Lolita, we see how Humbert controls Lolita in the beginning stages of their relationship but eventually finds himself going mad because of her deceitful ways and the control she has over his sexual desires.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel introduces HumbertHumbert, a man with charm and the dignity of being a teacher in Paris. Yet, we instantly find he is a sexually disturbed man, lusting for young, prepubescent girls. His perversions are obvious--we can tell from his journal--and the ideas are highly obsessive with the topic of young girls. His mind is always on his first true love, his young Annabel, who died a short time after his first sexual encounter with her. Humbert says, "I see Annabel in such general terms as: 'honey-colored skin,' 'thin arms,' 'brown bobbed hair,' 'long lashes,' 'big bright mouth' (11). This, in fact, becomes his outline for a nymphet, or a girl between the ages of 9 and 14. One who meets his strict criteria is to become a gem in his eyes, yet treated with the same objectivity as a whore. He considers them all sexual objects for his enjoyment because he is a man who wishes to dominate these girls at such a young age.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using Nietzsche's theories on power and dominance over others, we can see that Humbert is a man who meets his criterion of someone driven on obtaining the control and respect of those who can be easily manipulated. In a theory entitled "The Superman," he writes:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The strong man must rid himself of all idea that it is disgraceful to yield to his acute and ever-present yearning for still more strength. There must be an abandonment of the old slave-morality and a transvaluation of moral values. The will to power must be emancipated from the bonds of that system of ethics which brands it with infamy. (Mencken 105)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nietzsche sees someone with total power as one with no regard for anyone other than himself.

Amsterdams Architecture Over The Ages :: European Europe History

Amsterdam's Architecture Over The Ages Amsterdam has witnessed many architectural changes during its existence as a capital. From its earliest canal houses to its recent "modernisation", it is a widespread array of fascinating design and architecture. Throughout this short guide, I wish to take you through these ages, demonstrating the designs, the reasons for them, the way of living and the way the architecture developed around the community. This guide focuses mainly on the last one hundred years, looking in depth at the gradual changes made to this great city, and its surrounding areas. I will also look at the great architectural achievements made over time in this area, looking at their design purposes and influences. Older architecture Central Amsterdam ages back to over 700 years, but most of the buildings seen today were built in Amsterdam's "Golden age", about 250-500 years ago. The "Golden age" was the period when most of what is now known as central Amsterdam was built. Some people think it is Amsterdam's best architectural achievement. Probably the most prominent building built within this time period is the canal house. These line all the canals in the centre of Amsterdam. Every canal house was built to be unique from any other, though built with the same shape, each one was personalised with an ornamental piece, such as the gables and plaques. Another method was to put very decorative carvings on the "neck" of a house. This is called "necking". The picture on the right is an excellent example of necking. Due to the swamp like quality of the reclaimed land under Amsterdam, it was very hard to build buildings. Because of this wooden stilts were used to support the houses. They were driven into the wet ground before construction for support. Now due to the wet ground some of these supports are rotting, causing houses to tilt and sink into the earth. The picture on the left is of a house on the Keizergracht, it has gradually sunk into the ground over the years causing it to lean sideways. During the time period in which these houses were built, your house taxes depended on the frontage. Meaning your taxes were determined by the width of your house. Therefore the sneaky Dutch built their houses deep and narrow to avoid severe taxing. For this same reason the staircases are very narrow and low, making it impossible to take furniture up and down them.

The Environmental impact of tourism is always harmful – Discuss

As demands for tourism and recreation increases for example due to an aging but active population , new interest in nations heritage and people seeking quiet environments so too will their impact on other socio economic structures in society, tourist environments and wildlife habitats. In Bali, Kenya and the lake District much of the early development was uncontrolled and badly planned. Development was driven by the momentum for growth and the developers desires for fast profits, without any thought being given to the future. These areas which are shaped by the forces of nature are now under threat, if not in the process of being physically damaged and destroyed. In Kenya tourism is mainly Safari and Beach orientated. The wildlife related tourism brought an increased amount of visitors into Kenya through the 1990s, boosting the LEDCs economy. However many of the areas that are most valuable to the tourist trade are the wildlife filled parks that have been inhabited by people like the Masai for hundreds of years. Tourism has been environmentally harmful here where the sheer number of visitors and amount of Safari traffic is seriously damaging the vegetation cover and the vehicles are causing soil erosion. Also the increase in tourism has meant an increase in the long haul travel which is now seriously contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Problems created are going to be more severe in the ELDW than in the EMDW . Many of the tourist souvenirs are made by the locals are made of ebony and the trees are cut down faster than replaced. However tourism has not always been harmful to the environment and can benefit an area where the marine life has been re appraised and is beginning to be viewed as valuable. Like the marine park at Watamu off the coast of Milindi which was set up to preserve the coral reefs and to provide an additional visitor attraction. Not only has tourism brought environmental impacts that are harmful to Kenya, it has brought economic impacts that are harmful. At least 40% of tourist revenue is leaked outside to airlines and travel companies. You can read also Waves The result of beach tourism has caused a rapid increase of land prices along the coast, well beyond the purchasing power of local African farmers. The improvements in infrastructure has also contributed to land price inflation and encouraged further speculative hotel buildings on what was good agricultural land. I don't agree though that the impact is always harmful as the locals have benefited from these improvements in infrastructure. Furthermore tourism had overtaken coffee on Kenya's major export earner: it equalled 43% of export earning in 1990. Additionally tourism was an employer in both the formal and informal sector. In Bali the environmental impact of tourism has nearly always been harmful. The number of tourists visiting Bali was fairly low until the late sixties when the numbers dramatically increased. This was due to the governments five year plan to encourage tourism to the area. The growth in tourism caused harmful environmental impacts . Raw sewage was dumped into the sea as the infrastructure cannot cope with tourists. This damages the reefs. The wake from motor boats also destroys the coral as does the actions of those trying to collect it to sell to tourists. Once damaged there is nothing stop the waves hitting the beach directly, resulting in beach erosion that threatens coconut plantations, farmland and land on which hotels are built. Tourism in Bali has led to threat of extinction of numerous breeds of turtle whose eggs are now collected as a delicacy from tourists and the bodies of which as stuffed or made into trinkets. On the other hand this led to the environmental benefit of the convention on international trade in endangered species forcing the Indonesian government to tighten their controls on the treatment of animals. As the number of tourists increases so does infrastructure of roads , electricity mains, water, airports and car parks being created. Though its association with pollution has been a problem. The main beach in Bali Kuta has been spoiled. There is severe beach erosion of up to 2cm a year and the combat the litter problem people are employed to bury the rubbish each morning. Tourism also brought violent crime which was unknown to Bali before 1979, drug dealing , prostitution and theft increased. However in Bali a marine park of Bunaken off N Sula west was set up because of tourism. As the potential impact of tourism on the natural environment was recognised, suitable conservation projects were set up. Even though the environmental impact of tourism was harmful, I brought many economic benefits. Many new jobs were created especially in hotels, travel agencies and the craft and entertainment industries e. g. 7000 applicants for 400 jobs at the new Bali-Hyat hotel. There is a revival of some traditional arts and crafts aimed at the tourist market wood carvers, jewellery making, weaving, Batik. Also Balinese dancers now come to the larger hotels to perform for guests when originally the tourists would have had to go into the villages to see them. Again there have been economic costs where many of the economic benefits have not been evenly spread. Resorts in the South have benefited whilst those in the North east have not. This has lead to conflict between the two areas over the distribution of tourist receipts. At village level much of the money from tourism in being spent on schools, cultural improvements, temple maintenance. However increasingly the money is being spent on imported goods, which don't benefit the island economy. Land prices have increased between 1969 and 1970 by 40% in tourist areas this was 120%. In resort areas previously agricultural land use was for growing food for the islanders was sold off to resorts offering to pay hundreds of times the price it would fetch on agricultural land. To prevent the impact of tourism from being harmful again measures were taken by locals. Boards were put up on gates and walls warning tourists that certain ceremonies were private. Trees were planted and flowers. A restaurant association was established and elected its own leader. This was followed by the art shop, guest houses and bus drivers and dancer troupes. A map of the village was published by the organisation with full explanation of how to behave in the village an example of greater control by indigenous population. In the Lake District which is an MEDW, I don't agree the environmental impact is almost always harmful. The lake district is one of the UKs national parks which has two purposes to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the lake district, was well to promote opportunities for understanding and enjoyment of special qualities of the national park and a duty to foster the economic and social well being of local communities within the park. These aims inevitably create conflicts of interest either between local people and visitors because users and uses cannot easily be easily restricted to certain areas of zoning. Footpath erosion is a widespread environmental impact and clear sign of visitor pressure. It is caused by people not sticking to the footpath because they don't want to or it is flooded or poor management. The other causes of footpath erosion climate due to heavy rain, strong winds and frost. The type of vegetation as mat grass, bents and fesules resist trampling best, the aspect, erosion is more likely to happen on slopes less than 18 and the pressure of use. However it is not always harmful as management strategies have been introduced which direct visitors along alternative routes: repair and maintain through drainage by placing small drainage channels along the path side so that rainwater is channelled away more quickly. They can construct the path using techniques such as pitching which is sinking stones into the path so that only the tops show to give a hard surface. Also matting can be used stabilizing the path over boggy ground. Furthermore the path can be repaired using methods such as levelling off the scar and the banks on its sides. Re seeding the grass with mat grass and fescues which better resist the effects of trampling. In the lake district the environmental impact is not always harmful as LDNPA ensures tourism is sustained and managed. To prevent congestion on the roads and air pollution. Roads are closed to traffic in tourist season and weekends. Tourists encouraged to ‘walk in and walk out' i. e. not using cars. Also to preserve the environment and to make the environmental impact less harmful they have a concentration of high visitor densities with a small number of honey pots with high carrying capacity such as Windermere. At the other extreme there are natural lakes on which no use of the water surface is allowed e. g. wast water. These are managed at low carrying capacities to give low density, quiet, leisure experiences. In such areas negative planning controls are used to restrict accessibility and hence control numbers of visitors. E. g. not upgrading the narrow winding roads over the passes from honey pots and not providing more parking spacing. The make the environmental impact less harmful. On top of this again to make the impact of tourism less harmful the LSNPA is the Development control or planning authority for the whole lake district. It must approve all new buildings/ changes to buildings or land use. Tries to protects the area from development out of character with the landscape . It does not stop all developments and must allow change to develop in response to peoples needs as long as the doesn't damage the qualities and character of the national park. Overall it would seem that in that tourism in the LEDW has had an adverse impact on the environment, degrading the resources on which it depends. The damage was from the overuse and misuse of resources together with poor management and planning. However in the MEDW in the lake district they have been able to sustain the environment and tourism by balancing the economic growth with conservation of the environment.