Annotated Bibliography On Computer Security - 1753 Words

Put your college logo and your information Computer Security Abstract Computer Security Computer security is the consideration for securing resources of the computer. It is the protection of computing systems and the data that they store or access. Any information, the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to or modification of which could adversely affect the privacy of the data. The protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/data, and telecommunications). Characteristics of Computer Security There are many characterizations of computer security, main are the following: â ¦  Confidentiality. Prevention of unauthorized disclosure of information. â ¦  Integrity. Prevention of unauthorized modification of information. â ¦  Availability. Prevention of unauthorized withholding of information or resources. There are four broad areas of computer misuse: theft of computational resources, disruption of computational services, unauthorized information disclosure, and unauthorized information modification. These four areas correspond to threats to IT security. The first two categories correspond to threats to availability; the third corresponds to a threat to confidentiality; and the fourth to the integrity of the information. Integrity: In lay usage, information hasShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Computer Food Security System1358 Words   |  6 PagesAadhaar Enabled Public Distribution System (AEPDS): PDS is well known to the masses as Ration Card System. PDS is an Indian food security system established by the Government of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution on June 1997 and managed jointly with State governments in India. 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Ethnic Groups in the Philippines Essay Example For Students

Ethnic Groups in the Philippines Essay Chapter I Introduction Background of the study This topic was chosen for investigation because of a need for an in-depth study of the culture of major ethnic groups in the country today. Philippine culture is very diverse and with this in mind, a thorough research and analysis of the culture of the major ethnic groups in the country should be made. A search for a deeper understanding of the way of life of various groups in the country led to the formulation of this topic. Significance of the study This study is specifically significant to the Filipino people. This study would help them understand better the culture of the different groups around them. This would help the people appreciate and respect the distinctiveness of the customs, traditions and the way of life of the ethnic groups making up the diverse culture of the Philippines. Statement of the problem The study of the food, customs and traditions, mode of subsistence, beliefs and practices constitute the study of the culture of the major ethnic groups found in the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The study of ethnic identity in the Philippines is also a major component in this research Objectives of the study This study aims to: †¢ Compare and contrast the culture of the major ethnic groups in the Philippines. †¢ Help the readers gain additional knowledge on the customs, traditions and way of life of the major ethnic groups in the country. †¢ Inform the readers about the unique structure and organization of existing ethnic groups in the country. †¢ Inculcate among the readers a sense of pride and appreciation for their own culture. Review of related literature The following books deal with various ethnic groups in the Philippines: 1. Problems Methods in the Study of Philippine Indigenous Ethnic Culture by M. Caguimbal, F. L. Jocano and L. Marquez (1994) 2. Working with Indigenous People by L. N. Mercado (1994) 3. Social Categorization and Identity in the Philippines by M. C. Conaco (1996) The first book is more about ethnography. It talks about the brief history and the development of ethnology and ethnography in the Philippines. It also contains information on the geography of Filipino indigenous ethnic communities. This material is significant to the research because the geographical information of an ethnic community is related to study of the culture of a group. The second book is all about indigenous ethnic groups in the country. It talks about the â€Å"minorization† of several ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines, the views of the Church and the Philippine bishops regarding the present situation of indigenous people in our country and it contains lists of indigenous people organizations and advocates. It also deals with the missionary work of the Church for the indigenous ethnic groups. This material is related to the research because it also contains information on the language, mode of subsistence and religion of various indigenous groups in the Philippines. The third book is about the concept of social categorization in the Philippines. It is about a study comparing people’s perception about one’s ethnic group and national group. It also talks about the value of categorization. This material is related to the research because it talks about the perception of the people regarding the traits of their own group and it also deals with the importance of one’s ethnic groups. Methodology This study about the culture of major ethnic groups in Luzon, Vizayas and Mindanao was accomplished through the aid of books, journals and other reference materials found in the main library of the University of the Philippines, Diliman. This is because the main library of the University of the Philippines, Diliman has a wide range of books, journals and other published references that are relevant to the proposed research. The World Wide Web was also used for further research since ample and extensive information are posted or published in the internet regarding this topic. Outline Thesis statement The study of the ethnic identity, food, customs and traditions, mode of subsistence, beliefs and practices constitute the study of the culture of the major ethnic groups found in the islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. I. Ethnic identity in the Philippines is very fluid and depends greatly on context. a. Language is the common identifier of ethnic identity in the Philippines. b. Regional identity is another basis in identifying one’s ethnic group. c. Ancestry is also an identifier of ethnic identity in the country. II. Five major ethnic groups inhabit the vast island of Luzon. . Ilocanos are the inhabitants of the lowlands and coastal areas of northern Luzon. 1. The Ilocanos are renowned for their industry and hardwork and are legendary for their thrift. 2. There are approximately more than eight million speakers of the Ilocano language, making it the third most widely spoken language in the Philippines. b. Pangasinenses originate from the northwestern sea board of Luzon. 1. Rich and fine salt beds are the prime source of livelihood for the provinces coastal towns. 2. The Pangasinenses are noted for their industry and their enterprise. c. The Pampanguenos originate from the central plains of Luzon. 1. The province of Pampanga has three main regions, each supporting different types of human activity. 2. The Kapampangan language is spoken by approximately more than two million people and has been shown to be related to some Indonesian dialects. 3. Pampanguenos possess several traits which make them truly distinct. d. Bicolanos originate from the southeastern tip of Luzon. 1. Bicol is blessed with an abundant source of natural resources. 2. The Bicolanos are noted for several distinctive traits such as sociability and warm friendship. . Tagalog territory stretches from the central plains of Luzon to the islands of Mindoro and Marinduque. III. The Visayan ethnic group constitutes the largest Filipino ethnic group. a. The Waray-speaking people inhabit the provinces of Leyte and Samar. b. The Cebuanos live in the central part of Visayas and are the largest ethnic group in the Philippines. 1. Cebu was once named by Asiaweek as the eighth best city in Asia. 2. Cebuanos are said to have an active appetite for the pleasure of sociality and the occasions that afford it. 3. Cebuanos possess traits such as flexibility, resilience, industry and fortitude. c. Masbatenos inhabit the land of Masbate, which lies exactly in the center of the Philippine archipelago, north of the Visayas. d. Capiznons originate from the western part of Visayas region. 1. Capiz is dubbed as the â€Å"Seafood Capital of the Philippines† because of its 80-kilometer coastline and wide expanse of swampy lands easily converted into fishponds. . Capiz is known for the brilliant capiz shell which is abundant in the province. e. Aklanon are the main inhabitants of the province of Aklan, which is located at western Visayas. 1. Aklan is famous for the annual Ati-Atihan Festival held in Kalibo. 2. Despite the prevalence of Christianity, native beliefs about the aswang and the babaylan are still prevalent among the people of Aklan. IV. Two major ethnic groups occupy the islands of Mindanao. a. The Maranaos primarily live in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. 1. The Maranaws are of mixed Indonesian and Malayan ancestry and their way of life is also much influenced by their neighboring provinces. 2. The culture of the Maranaws consists of various rituals and traditions. b. The Tausugs presently populate the province of Sulu as a majority. Chapter II Findings of the Study Ethnic Identity According to M. L. Doronila, author of the book â€Å"National Identity and Social Change†, centuries ago, there were no â€Å"Filipinos† then in which we understand the word today. There were Visayans, Tagalogs, Pampangos, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Ibanags, etc. ut there was no such thing as the â€Å"Tagalog kingdom† or the Visayan empire†. What we know today as Philippine islands was indeed an archipelago but it was not one country, and its people, though racially one, were not one nation. Each village was independent, Philippine society was fragmented. We became a nation in the course of three hundred years of Spanish colonization. Th e Spaniards, by putting the entire archipelago under one government, provided the external structure which made unity possible (Doronila, 1992). Today, hundreds of years ago after the Spanish colonization, we have developed a stronger grasp of the idea of national identity without overlooking the distinctiveness of each ethnic group constituting the Philippine archipelago. Philippine culture is very diverse, with each ethnic group having different customs and traditions, mode of subsistence, beliefs and practices, etc. Most Filipinos identify themselves with two or more ethnic groups. Most of them identify their ethnic identity based on language, regional identity, or ancestry. According to Michael Shead, language is the most common identifier of ethnic identity in the Philippines. For instance, a Pampangueno may identify herself/himself as such by the fact that his mother tongue is the Kapampangan language. Though having Filipino as its national language, approximately 78 languages are still in use in the Philippines today. But language is not the sole identifier of ethnic identity. Given that ethnolinguistic boundaries are gradually blurring due to migration and intermarriage, regional identity or the place where one was brought up and whose language one speaks, serves as another common identifier of ethnic identity in the Philippines. Migration and intermarriages between people of different ethnicities have been common throughout the past centuries. This has made ethnic identities of Filipinos depend greatly on context. Many Filipinos also identify themselves based on ancestry. For example, a woman who has Bicolano ancestry but has spent most of her life in Manila may identify herself as Bicolano, even if she doesn’t speak any of the Bikol languages (Shead, 2001). Major ethnic groups in Luzon The Ilocano or Ilokano people are the third largest Filipino ethnic group. Aside from being referred to as Ilocanos, from the word â€Å"looc† meaning sheltered coves, they also refer to themselves as samtoy, from sao mi toy†, which literally meant our language. Throughout the centuries of the Spanish colonial era up to the present, the Ilocanos were noted for their tendency to migrate. The Ilocano culture represents very simple living, focusing mostly on work and productivity, spending only on necessities and not on so much on grand material possessions (Ilocos Norte, 2007). This is perhaps the reason why they are usually described as frugal. Invetment EssayDespite the prevalence of Christianity, native beliefs about the aswang and the babaylan are still prevalent among the people of Aklan. The Ati or the negritos who are native inhabitants of Aklan still practice animism. Despite Aklan’s vibrant tourism industry and substantial agriculture, the province is still considered as one of the poorer provinces in the country with more than 30% of the population living below the national poverty line (Fonatanilla, 2002). Major ethnic groups in Mindanao The Maranaos or Maranaws are one of the two major ethnic groups found in the island of Mindanao. They live primarily in the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. According to Abdullah Madale, author of the book â€Å"The Maranaws: Dwellers of the Lake†, Maranaws are a mixture of Indonesian and Malayan ancestry. Those who live along the lakeshores of Lanao show more Indonesian than Malayan features. The culture of the Maranaws have also been influenced by their neighbors, the people of Maguindanao. Their dialect, traditional government and even ways of dressing are very much similar to that of the Maguindanaons (Madale, 1997). Madale added that the Maranaws have several rituals which are intended for different events in their lives. They have a ritual of releasing a chicken with yaellow beak and yellow legs intended to cure an ill person. They also have rituals done to gain favor of friendly spirits and they also perform rituals when the ricefield is attacked by pests (Madale, 1997). They also have very distinct views and traditions regarding relationships and marriages. According to Madale, a Marnaw boy and girl may seriously consider marriage at the age of puberty. Traditional Maranaw marriages are used to be done when both the boy and the girl are fifteen years old. At this age, they are thought of to be ready to bangon sa walai, build a house and a future for themselves (Madale, 1997). Still regarding the Maranaws’ views on relationships and marriages, Madale said that to a Muslim woman, allowing her husband to marry another woman is an assurance of going to heaven. The Maranaw man who would like to marry another woman must prepare for it the way Islam dictates and not just because of lust. If and when polygamy occurs, it is not permanent and it is only because of the needs of time or because of some special problems in the family (Madale, 1997). Aside from the Maranaws, the Tausugs are another major ethnic group found in Mindanao. They presently populate the province of Sulu as a majority. The word Tausug refers to the geographic character of the Sulu Archipelago which lies in the path of vigorous tidal currents flowing from the Sulu and China Seas to the Celebes Sea. Practically all the groups in the Sultanate are sea-oriented: sailors, traders, fishermen, pearl divers, sea seed collectors, etc. Thus, Tausugs are considered People of the Current. Tausugs are experienced sailors and are known for their colorful boats or vintas. They are also superb warriors and craftsmen. The Tausugs are also famous for their Daling-daling dance in Sabah, that is a mixture of Arabian Belly Dancing and Indian Classical Dancing that is best performed as a musical complete with Story-telling in Suluk (Velasco, 2002). Chapter III Conclusion and Recommendations After doing extensive research and gathering data from books and other published materials, several information regarding the culture of major ethnic groups in the Philippines have been obtained. Before the colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards several centuries ago, the country was fragmented, separated into several villages, each independent of one another. But in the course of three hundred years of Spanish rule, the Philippines became one nation. Being under one government somehow made the Filipinos aware of their national identity. And so with this, the Filipinos could probably attribute a part of their sense of unity and awareness of their social identity to the Spaniards. There could have been other situations in which they could have realize their national identity but this particular event in the history of the Philippines made the Filipinos feel a need to unite as one nation and defeat their oppressors. Centuries after this, Filipinos seemed to have developed a greater grasp of the idea of national identity. But still, the distinctiveness of each ethnic group making up the Philippine culture has been preserved. The culture of these ethnic groups was studied and examined in this research. The history of the Philippines played an important role in the development of the culture of these ethnic groups. Most of the names of the places from which these ethnic groups come from were given by Spanish colonizers. Their names were based on bodies of water found in their territories, characteristics of the inhabitants of the place, etc. It is also from the colonizers that the different ethnic groups got their religion. Before the Spanish colonization, animism and worship of natural resources was prevalent among Filipinos. When the Spaniards came, they taught the Filipino natives about Christianity and eventually, they adapted this religion and soon after, it became widespread in the Philippines. However, the inhabitants of the southern part of the Philippines, the island of Mindanao, have Islam as their religion. Their environment and natural resources are also very important factors in the development of the culture of the different ethnic groups. If the region was surrounded with bodies of water, people there are inclined to be fishermen in order to provide for their families. If the region was mountainous, people there would depend on forests for their daily survival. And if the region has fertile soil, planting crops and other vegetation would be their primary source of living. Language also distinguishes one ethnic group from the other. There are approximately 78 languages in the Philippines and each has different phonology and morphology. But communication between ethnic groups is not impossible for most Filipinos today have a very good grasp of Filipino, the national language, and English. Ethnic groups also differ when it comes to the traits and characteristics prevalent among them. Some groups are considered frugal perhaps because of their way of life, which is simple and focuses only on daily necessities and knows only little luxury. Some groups are noted for their love of spending on clothes and other luxuries but this could just be brought about by the growing industrialization in their region. The customs and traditions also differ from one group to the other. Most of these traditions are handed down from one generation to the other, since the time of their ancestors. Some groups’ traditions may seem odd, extreme or eccentric to other groups. The history, languages, traits and traditions may be different, but the nationality is one. We must aim for unity and not uniformity. Therefore, we must learn to accept each one’s uniqueness. But the regional and cultural differences of each ethnic group must not only be accepted; they must be respected. Everyone is entitled to feel that his/her own ethnic culture will be respected by his fellow Filipinos. To other researchers wishing to also do a study on the culture of major ethnic groups in Luzon Visayas and Mindanao, conducting interviews with people from various places with different ethnicities is highly recommended. The researcher was not able to this due to lack of resources. But to those planning to do a research on this topic with enough time and financial resources, interviews would be of great help in order to gather fisrt-hand information regarding certain distinct traits, customs, beliefs and traditions of the different culture of major ethnic groups in the Philippines. References Andres, T. D. (2005). Understanding Bicolano Values. Quezon City: Giraffe Books. Andres, T. D. (2003). Understanding Pampango Values. Quezon City: Giraffe Books. Caguimbal, M. ,Jocano, F. L. ,Marquez, L. (1994). Problems Methods in the Study of Philippine Indigenous Ethnic Culture. QC: Asian Center, University of the Philippines. Capiz (2000). Capiz Online. Retreived March 1, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. capiz. gov. ph/cms/news. php Casinillo, N. (2004). Masbate. Masbate Online. Retrieved Dec. 12, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://masbateonline. om/about_masbate. php. Conaco, M. C. (1996). Social Categorization and Identity in the Philippines. QC: College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines. Davies, B. (1997). Pangasinan: A Journey into the Philippines. Bangkok: Luna Publications. Doronila, M. L. (1992). National Identity and Social Change. Quezon City: UP Press and UP Center for Integrative and Development Studies. Fontanilla, J. A. (2002). Aklan. DLSU Litera1 No4. Retreived March 15, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://litera1no4. tripod. com/waray_frame. html. Ilocano. (2007). Languages of the World. Retreived February 28, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. nvtc. gov/ lotw/months/june/Ilokano. html. Ilocos Norte The Best Of Culture And Nature. (2007). WOW Philippines. Retreived February 28, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. tourism. gov. ph/explore_phil/place_details. asp? content=descriptionprovince=1 Madale, A. T. (1997). The Maranaws: Dwellers of the Lake. Manila:Rex Bookstore. Mercado, L. N. (1994). Working with Indigenous People. Manila: Divine Word Publications. Mojares, R. B. Quimpo, S. (1997). Cebu: More than an Island. Makati City: Ayala Foundation. Palabay, A. (2001). Pangasinan. Retreived March 1, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. ilocos. net. ph/index. php? option=com_wrapperItemid=104. Rodriguez, N. (2000). Waray. DLSU Litera1 No4. Retrieved Dec. 15, 2007 from the World Wide Web: http://litera1no4. tripod. com/waray_frame. html. Santiago, S. PianoJ, L. (2000). The Indigenous Peoples of the Philippines. Manila: Rex Bookstore. Shead, M. P. (2001). Filipino Culture, Customs and Traditions. Retreived March 15, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. livinginthephilippines. com/philculture/filipino_ culture. tml Shead, M. P. (2001). Understanding the Language and the Culture. Retreived March 15, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. livinginthephilippines. com/philculture/understanding _language_ and_culture. html. Velasco, F. (2002). Tausug. Indigenous People. Retreived Dec. 10, 2007 from the World Wide Web:http://library. thinkquest. org/C003235/tausug. html. Warays (2003). Philippine Regional Cultures. Retreived March 1, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. seasite. niu. edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Default_files/Philippine_ Culture/Regional%20Cultures/waray-waray/warays. htm.

Three Day Road free essay sample

The first theme I noticed in the second half of the novel was being powerless. Xavier is ultimately powerless in the sense that he cannot stop Elijah from heading down his path of self-destruction. No matter what he does Elijah will continue to evolve as the monster he has become. Xavier finally has to kill Elijah because he knows that that is the only way to stop him. Niska is also powerless because on their three day journey home there is nothing she can do to cure Xavier of his addiction. As hard as she tries to heal Xavier with her story telling, the morphine will eventually take his life. There is also a point in the novel where Niska believes she has lost her power of having visions after the Frenchmen takes advantage of her in the church. Another theme that is more prominent in the second half of the novel is competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Day Road or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Elijah has a goal to be a better sniper than Peggy and to prove to everyone else that he is by keeping track and advertising the number of kills he has. Xavier is also trying to compete with Elijah because Xavier knows that he is the better sniper. Xavier becomes increasingly frustrated because other soldiers continue to praise Elijah, to the point where he even gets a medal for his efforts during a battle, but everyone seems to be ignoring Xavier’s success. Characters being kept in the dark is another major theme of Three Day Road. Throughout the entire war Xavier and Elijah are kept in the dark about what is going to happen next. Firstly they are told the war will only last a few months, then they are there for approximately three years. The Sargent’s also like to keep Xavier and Elijah in the dark by sending them out on missions that they have no idea just how they will turn out. Niska is also kept in the dark as far as knowing what exactly goes on during the war that damages her Nephew so badly and what happens to Elijah. 5. Writing Style The first person perspective from both Niska and Xavier goes hand in hand with the theme of being kept in the dark. The stories being told in first person keep the reader not knowing what is going to happen which creates suspense in the novel and makes the reader want to continue reading. I think the stories being told from Xavier perspective create a bias towards Xavier and against Elijah that causes the reader to be sympathetic for Xavier even when he does something so awful as killing his best friend (even though Elijah tries to kill him first, I think Xavier could have tried to talk Elijah down and convince him there was no need for either of them to die). As a reader you find yourself saying â€Å"It is what had to be done† or â€Å"I feel sorry for Xavier having to kill Elijah†. In reality all Elijah is doing wrong is scalping people he has already killed but Xavier kills his best friend. Yes, scalping someone is disgusting but on a moral level which act is â€Å"more wrong†? I think the stories being told from Xavier’s perspective force the reader to automatically assume Elijah is in the wrong, but there are always two sides to a story and Elijah’s is never told. 6. Quotations â€Å"‘I think I got him! ’ I say to Elijah, excited. ‘Impossible to say,’ he answers† (Boyden 198). This is said during a conversation between Xavier and Elijah after Xavier and Elijah both attempt to kill someone in a machine gun nest. This quotation is important because it is the first time Xavier shows excitement over killing someone. As soon as I read this my first thought was that Xavier was going to realize why Elijah enjoys killing and possibly become the monster Elijah has. This also demonstrates the competition between Xavier and Elijah. Since they were both shooting at the same time and Xavier gets the kill first Elijah brushes it off as no big deal and that Xavier may not have even killed him because he doesn’t want to admit that he is the better shot. This incident also builds up Xavier’s hatred towards Elijah. â€Å"I want to bead Elijah with my fists until he is bloody† (Boyden 214) Xavier narrates this after Elijah confesses that Lisette was w whore that he had hired to sleep with Xavier. I think this is important because it is the first time Xavier expresses his hatred and desire to be violent towards Elijah, to the reader. To me, it becomes evident that Xavier number one priority is no longer to try and protect Elijah. This is another incident that builds up Xavier’s hatred towards Elijah. â€Å"No, it clearly says you are the last of your family† (Boyden 267). This is said by Fat while he is reading the letter that Niska had written to Xavier. This is important because it explains why Xavier said that he thought Niska was dead in the beginning of the novel. It also explains why Xavier said that the letter had damaged him. I think believing that Niska is dead takes away Xavier’s reason to live making Xavier no longer care what happens to him. â€Å"’You have read moose bones in the past. I have watched you. And often it has worked. You have lead us straight to them before’† (Boyden 268). This is said by Elijah when he brings Xavier the shoulder blade of a German soldier and asks him to read it like Niska and her Father have read the moose and bear bones earlier on in the novel. I think this quotation is important because this is when it finally clicked for me that Xavier was a windigo killer. After making this connection I predicted that Elijah was going to eventually resort to cannibalism because of his madness and Xavier would have to kill him. I also wondered if perhaps Elijah had really been eating human meat instead of horse meat earlier on and Xavier believed that it was horse meat because he was in denial of what Elijah had become and knew that he would have to take action if Elijah had been eating human meat. Although Elijah never does become a cannibal, this prediction was partially right because I think he becomes a windigo by enjoying killing people and Xavier does end up killing him.

Being Rich Essays - Bullying, Emotions, Envy, Narcissism, Wish, Rich

Being Rich Essays - Bullying, Emotions, Envy, Narcissism, Wish, Rich Being Rich Some teenagers dream of becoming rich whereas others consider it to be rather dangerous. ESSAY: | - In today's world more and more people tend to believe that happiness cannot exist without financial basis. That is why, many offsprings nowadays wish to be wealthy in life. However, there are some, who assert that extremely richness poses a serious threat to its' owner. Personally, I am inclined to believe that the wish of being wealthy is not worth the dream the rich stick to and money even can do irreparable harm to individuals. Firstly, the majority of people, being comfortably off, look down on others thinking that the whole world revolves around them. We should take into account that wealth often goes together with loss of positive personal qualities and tendency to greed and callousness. Secondly, it would not be wrong to assert that individuals being well financially secure are more often subject to be exposed to crime. Because of envy, springing from social inequality, many people are eager to clear the world from the rich. Nevertheless, opponents of this view think that high monetary status is one of the most desired dreams. They think that rich people are provided with great opportunities. Wealthy individuals can afford any buying and high level of services. Despite all this arguments, I assume that luxuries can do more harm than bring benefits to the owner. Having an opportunity to get anything , a rich runs out of purposes, aspiration and sees no reasons to live on. In conclusion, I am strongly convinced that richness poses a potential harm to people. They undermine their spiritual stability gaining negative traits of character and eventually unaware of what to go after .

Analysis of Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren

The presidents have always played a crucial role in American politics and are known for their roles in unifying the nation. They are glorified for their charisma and ability to lead, but even these brilliant men make economic, political, and social blunders. Andrew Jackson, who was in office from 1829-1837, was a president of many firsts as he was the first frontier president, first to have a kitchen cabinet, and first to use a pocket veto. Jackson was later succeeded by his vice president, Martin Van Burden. Van Burden, who was in office from 1837-1841 , was known for his shrewd political skills.Both these men laid down the foundations for a stronger, more centralized national government with methods that garnered mixed responses. Andrew Jackson was a war hero turned president, but his battles did not end with his election. One type of problem Jackson faced was economic. South Carolinian planters saw that the protective tariff, passed by Congress in 1 824, as oppressive since most of the revenue made from it was invested in the northeasts manufacturing industry. They were more infuriated when the tariff was raised in the summer of 1828 (Brinkley 207).The South Carolinians and Vice President John C. Calhoun saw the taxes as blatantly unconstitutional, exceeding Congresss powers to raise necessary revenues and oppressing one section of the country while enriching others (Willets 63). A nullification document written by Calhoun known as the South Carolina Exposition and Protest was passed by the state legislature in 1 832 as a response. This text announced that any state could declare its original sovereignty and disregard federal laws that are found offensive in their borders.In retaliation, Jackson sent federal troops to South Carolina to enforce the law, but before any violence could ensure the state backed down Brinkley 207). This created a strong rift between the Jackson and his vice president that turned in to a bitter rivalry between the two. Jacksons strong approach caused the executive branch to become unstable and eventually Calhoun and he split in 1832 (Willets 64-65). Another negative economic event that Jackson faced was his clash with the Second Banks of the United States. The Second Bank of the United Sates was a privately owned institution with an outrageous amount of public influence. With a congressional charter, it was the national governments sole fiscal handler and could use public ends without interest for its own discretion (Brinkley 211). Due to this, Jackson saw the Bank as an unconstitutional aberration and an affront to popular sovereignty (Willets 75). There was also opposition of the Banks by advocates of soft money, who were mainly state banks, and advocates of hard money, who were people that disapproved all banks and believed only in coins for currency (Brinkley 211). O when it was time for the Banks charter to be renewed in 1832, Jackson. He removed all federal funds the following year and when the original charter expired in 1 836 all operations as a national bank ended. This would subsequently cause the economy to become unstable a year later (Willets 79-80). Although there were no wars during Jacksons administration, there have been close calls. A treaty was created, in 1831 a year before Jackson took office, whereby France agreed to pay reparations for damages made on American shipping under the reign of Napoleon.The French Chamber of Deputies, however, later refused to allocate the appropriate funds. Jackson infuriated with this called on Congress to allow for reprisals should the French not pay. Both nations refused to back down and the bickering spiraled to the point where they recalled their ministers and a war seemed imminent (Willets 138). The crisis was averted with the French eventually ceding with urgings from Britain. Jacksons stubbornness and refusal to back down landed the United States in hot water, especially in provoking a nation like France that she would not be able to fight. Jackson also faced the issue of American advancement into the west. The removal of Indians was a major concern of his administration and management of the situation was the most notable gaffe of his administration. Like many other Americans at the time, he believed that the Indians were inferior to white men and saw them as savages. Once in office, Jackson urged the Indians to move westward and give up their land, but he was adamantly opposed. The first of the land battles began with Georgia when the state claimed millions of acres of Indian land.The Indians responded with a suit in the Supreme court that was ruled in their favor, stating that Georgia had no authority over their land. The Georgians ignored this and a white invasion of the land ensued. Jackson did nothing to enforce the ruling and there was no consequences to the blatant disregard of the Supreme Court (Ermine 60-61 Later, the Indian Removal Act of 1 830 was eased and signed by Jackson which gave him the authority to make treaties that would exchange land in the west for Indian land east of the Mississippi.It also stated their relocation would be paid for by the federal government. The Indians opposed this act because although it seemed peaceful, they were removed forcefully. This led to many bloody conflicts in which one side would try to seize the land while the other side tried to protect it. The struggle continued and many citizens were polarize on the issue as some saw the Indians as hindrances to American expansionism while the others saw it as outright disrespect of the Indians rights.Eventually in 1835, after the anti- treaty supporters negotiated better terms, a treaty was signed in which the Indians would give up their land in exchange for other lands wes t of the Mississippi (Willets 139-141 This later led to the Indians large exodus where thousands suffered. Although Jacksons decision allowed for the nation to expand, it was at the enormous expense of the Indians. He forcefully kicked them Off their land and treated them as if they were livestock that did not deserve basic human rights. Jackson served for two terms and remained incredibly popular even after resigning.He was the true epitome of a poor, country boy who grew up to become president. He was a self-made man that used his presidency to help ordinary people rather than the rich. Although he had he helped the nation to grow, it came at the sacrifice of so many innocent lives. His popularity with the people led to the election of Martin Van Burden, who was his vice president and once the most powerful member of Jacksons cabinet as Secretary of State. At the very beginning of Van Burdens presidency, he faced the first major economic crisis that America had experienced thePanic of 1837. This fiscal fiasco was triggered by Jacksons withdrawal from the Second Bank of the United States and deposition into state banks of federal funds. Consequently, there was reckless speculation by the banks in lands westward (Willets 1 19). The bubble finally burst in 1837 and hundreds of businesses and banks failed, causing the worst depression of the economy at the time. Van Burden did little to relieve popular misery as he called for less government intervention and created no programs to help with the massive unemployment rate (Wider 102).He later proposed for the rancher of federal funds to an independent treasury. This bill would eventually be passed year latter, but many blamed him for the crisis and inadequate response to it. It ultimately led to his crushing defeat by the William Henry Harrison, the Whig candidate, in the following election (Wider 103-104). During his presidency, Van Burden also faced raising tensions with Great Britain as there was a heated border dispute near the Canada-Maine border. This skirmish brought the two on the brink of war. However, Van Burden sought to revolve this conflict before violence resulted.General Winfield Scott and an envoy were sent to Britain to negotiate a treaty, which subsequently concluded the conflict. Many criticized Van Burdens cautious diplomacy as they felt that he should have taken a stronger stance against Britain and assert the United States as a force to be reckoned with (Wider 131). Slavery at the time was a controversial topic as many northern cities saw it as an abomination that should be abolished while in the south it was the center of the economy. Starting in 1836, many slave owners looking for space to expand saw Texas as the solution to their problems.

Caribbean Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Caribbean Literature - Essay Example These woman writers were born in the late 1940s and 1950s and they produced their first major works in the 1980s. "The term 'Caribbean women writers' describes an extremely diverse collection of women: women of numerous racial and ethnic groups who reside in many nations and write in at least four European languages and many Caribbean Creoles." (Rody, 117) Significantly, the most acclaimed woman writer of the region, Jean Rhys, is a white woman identified with English modernism who lived in the wake of Caribbean women's renaissance in the 1980s. Jamaica Kincaid, Michelle Cliff, and Maryse Conde are some of the prominent figures during the Caribbean women's renaissance in the 1980s. Therefore, a profound analysis of the Caribbean literature of 1980s, one recognizes a key stage of development in women's writing. In the critical work 'The Invisible Woman in West Indian Literature', Ramabai Espinet investigates the 'invisibility' of East Indian woman in Caribbean literature and one gets the notion that women arbiters are marginalized by virtue of their ethnicity a

HarperCollins Publishers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HarperCollins Publishers - Essay Example Personal research on the development milestones of HarperCollins publishers revealed that the company is an auxiliary of News Corporation. The company has experienced different acquisitions and mergers with the latest acquisition of Thomas Nelson, a Christian book publisher in 2011 (Mu?Hlbacher, Dahringer & Leihs, 2006, p. 67). The company publishes a wide range of imprints that are either new or from earlier independent publishing companies. The most recent influential marketing strategy is the web approach whereby book sales and reach is achieved through the online market (Blythe & Zimmerman, 2005 p. 43). This strategy is advantageous whereby the consumers could access selected extracts from a book before purchasing. On the other hand, the downfall of the same is as a result of concern from other publishers who believe that the availability of books online could be exploited through file sharing. HarperCollins publishers have managed to maintain their competitive advantage by devel oping imprints that are unique from other publishing companies such as MacMillan and Random house. ... The operating profits shown to have increased by over 100% indicated that the restructuring strategies in the past two decades were successful. Presently, HarperCollins publishers continue to explore innovative strategies to enhance its growth. Marketing strategy review blog 2: value HarperCollins publishers enjoy the business strength of publishing literature in spiritual and religious books, cookbooks, mystery and romance, literary and children’s books. With consumers spread all over the world, corporate value is a very vital concept in the development of the company. This review explores the extent to which customer relation can be implemented. The company offers customer value on a different basis. The readers have the satisfaction of pleasurable and affordable reading experiences. The authors on the other hand, have the satisfaction of their work being published by a globally reputable brand; enjoy editorial support and widespread marketing reach (Gay, Charlesworth & Esen , 2006, p. 89). The value proposition of customer satisfaction would enhance the company’s position in the global market that is increasingly becoming a village due to technological advancements. HarperCollins publishers have adopted the target marketing initiative in order to position their highly competitive products in the minds of the target consumers. Market segmentation adds value to customers by providing dynamic, user friendly and customized products (Hall, 1992, p 84). This has been achieved using different innovative mediums such as technology for example, the progressive expansion of the e-book collection developed the â€Å"HarperCollins 360† initiative that ensures that every book published in the different